Transcranial Doppler microemboli and acute brain injury in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective observational study.

Transcranial Doppler microemboli and acute brain injury in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective observational study.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.07.026
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发表时间:
2022-10
期刊:
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Cho, Sung-Min
Cho, Sung-Min
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Caturegli, Giorgio;Kapoor, Shrey;Ponomarev, Vladimir;Kim, Bo Soo;Whitman, Glenn J. R.;Ziai, Wendy;Cho, Sung-Min

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体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)导致急性脑损伤(ABI)的发病率很高,从而导致死亡率增加。经颅多普勒 (TCD) 可以实时表征局部脑血流动力学,但 ECMO 中微栓塞信号 (MES) 的解释数据有限。这项前瞻性队列研究于 2017 年 11 月至 2022 年 2 月在一家三级护理中心进行,纳入所有接受静脉动脉 (VA) 和静脉静脉 (VV) ECMO 并接受 TCD 检查的成年患者,其中均包括 MES 监测。在 145 名接受至少 1 次 TCD 检查的 ECMO 患者中,100 名(68.9%)接受 VA-ECMO 的患者接受了 187 次检查,而 45 名(31.1%)接受 VV-ECMO 的患者接受了 65 次检查(P = .81)。在 35 名 (35.0%) VA-ECMO 患者和 2 名 (4.7%) VV-ECMO 患者中观察到 MES (P < .001),分别对应于 46 例 (24.6%) 和 2 例 (3.1%) TCD 检查。在没有额外心脏支持的情况下使用 VA-ECMO 的患者中有 29.4% 存在 MES,而使用主动脉内球囊反搏器的患者为 38.1%,使用左心室辅助装置的患者为 57.1%,但这些差异没有统计学意义(分别为 P = .39;P = .20)。 MES 的存在或数量与 VA-ECMO 插管模式无关(外周插管中 MES 存在率为 23.4%,中央插管中为 25.8%,P = .80)。在 VA- 和 VV-ECMO 中,MES 的存在或数量与 ECMO 回路中凝块或纤维蛋白的存在或 TCD 时任何研究的血流动力学、实验室或 ECMO 参数无关。 VA-ECMO 和 VV-ECMO 患者中 ABI 发生率分别为 38% 和 31.1%。在多变量逻辑回归分析中,ABI 和动脉血栓栓塞事件的复合结果均与 VA-ECMO 中 MES 的存在或数量无关。对大量 ECMO 患者进行的 TCD 分析表明存在大量 MES,尤其是使用主动脉内球囊反搏器和/或左心室辅助装置的 VA-ECMO 患者。然而,TCD MES 的临床关联和意义仍未解决,需要与系统成像和长期神经系统随访进一步相关。
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) carries a high morbidity of acute brain injury (ABI) with resultant mortality increase. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) allows real-time characterization of regional cerebral hemodynamics, but limited data exist on the interpretation of microembolic signals (MES) in ECMO. This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary care center, November 2017 through February 2022, and included all adult patients receiving venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) ECMO undergoing TCD examinations, which all included MES monitoring. Of 145 patients on ECMO who underwent at least 1 TCD examination, 100 (68.9%) patients on VA-ECMO received 187 examinations whereas 45 (31.1%) patients on VV-ECMO received 65 examinations (P = .81). MES were observed in 35 (35.0%) patients on VA-ECMO and 2 (4.7%) patients on VV-ECMO (P < .001), corresponding to 46 (24.6%) and 2 (3.1%) TCD examinations, respectively. MES were present in 29.4% of patients on VA-ECMO without additional cardiac support, compared with 38.1% with intra-aortic balloon pump and 57.1% with left ventricular assist device, but these differences were not statistically significant (P = .39; P = .20, respectively). Presence or number of MES was not associated with VA-ECMO cannulation mode (23.4% MES presence in peripheral cannulation vs 25.8% in central cannulation, P = .80). In both VA- and VV-ECMO, MES presence or number was not associated with presence of clot or fibrin in the ECMO circuit or with any studied hemodynamic, laboratory, or ECMO parameters at the time of TCD. ABI occurred in 38% and 31.1% of patients on VA- and VV-ECMO, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, neither ABI nor a composite outcome of arterial thromboembolic events was associated with presence or number of MES in VA- ECMO. TCD analysis in a large cohort of patients on ECMO demonstrates a significant number of MES, especially in patients on VA-ECMO with intra-aortic balloon pump, and/or left ventricular assist device. However, clinical associations and significance of TCD MES remain unresolved and warrant further correlation with systematic imaging and long-term neurologic follow-up.
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