Evidence for reduced efficiency and successful compensation in older adults during task switching.
Evidence for reduced efficiency and successful compensation in older adults during task switching.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.006
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gold, Brian T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hakun, Jonathan G.;Zhu, Zude;Johnson, Nathan F.;Gold, Brian T.
老年人在执行认知控制任务时，前额叶皮层（PFC）的功能激活模式往往与年轻人不同。这些差异包括年龄相关的PFC激活幅度和重组PFC功能连接模式的增加。然而，目前尚不清楚大脑激活模式中与年龄相关的变化是否反映了积极的机制（例如代偿反应）或大脑功能障碍的迹象（例如效率降低）。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）比较PFC激活幅度和PFC连接模式之间的年轻和老年人组在执行任务切换范例。结果表明，与年龄相关的PFC激活幅度和PFC功能连接与下颞（IT）区域的增加。然而，这些与年龄相关的功能磁共振成像的增加与任务表现有差异。而PFC激活幅度的增加往往是无关的任务RT或与较差的任务性能，增加PFC-IT连接与更好的任务性能在老年人。我们的研究结果提供了新的证据表明，机制subserving与年龄相关的效率和成功的补偿减少可以共存于老年人在相同的任务。
Older adults often show different functional activation patterns than younger adults in prefrontal cortex (PFC) when performing cognitive control tasks. These differences include age-related increases in PFC activation magnitude and reorganized PFC functional connectivity patterns. However, it remains unclear whether age-related alterations in brain activation patterns reflect a positive mechanism (e.g. compensatory response) or a sign of brain dysfunction (e.g. reduced efficiency). Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare PFC activation magnitudes and PFC connectivity patterns between younger and older adult groups during performance of a task switching paradigm. Results indicated age-related increases both in PFC activation magnitudes and in PFC functional connectivity with inferotemporal (IT) regions. However, these age-related fMRI increases were differentially associated with task performance. Whereas increased PFC activation magnitudes tended to be either unrelated to task RT or associated with poorer task performance, increased PFC-IT connectivity was associated with better task performance in older adults. Our results provide new evidence suggesting that mechanisms subserving age-related reductions in efficiency and successful compensation can coexist in older adults in the context of the same task.
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