Developmental stage and level of codon usage bias in Drosophila.

Developmental stage and level of codon usage bias in Drosophila.
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果蝇的发育阶段和密码子使用偏差水平。

DOI:
10.1093/molbev/msn189
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发表时间:
2008
影响因子:
10.7
通讯作者:
Powell,JeffreyR
Powell,JeffreyR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vicario,Saverio;Mason,ChristopherE;White,KevinP;Powell,JeffreyR

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密码子使用偏差(CUB)是分子进化中普遍存在的观察结果。作为一种模型,果蝇已经得到了特别深入的研究,有迹象表明,选择至少部分控制了密码子的使用,可能是通过选择翻译效率来实现的。尽管已经对果蝇 CUB 的许多方面进行了研究,但这是第一项将密码子使用与这种具有截然不同生命阶段的全变态昆虫的发育联系起来的研究。这里我们提出一个问题:果蝇哪个发育阶段的CUB最大?与胚胎、蛹和成虫相比,在幼虫阶段表达量最大的基因具有最大的总体 CUB。 (在伪暗果蝇中也观察到了相同的模式,请参阅在线补充材料。)我们假设这与幼虫的快速生长有关,增加了选择压力以产生大量蛋白质:增加了 300 倍,需要每 10 小时蛋白质含量大约增加一倍。在成年男性和早期胚胎中表达最高的基因,即蛋白质从头合成最少的阶段,显示出最少的 CUB。这些结果与 CUB 是(至少部分)由有效蛋白质生产的选择引起的假设一致。这似乎适用于个体基因水平(高表达的基因比低表达的基因更偏向)以及更全局的范围,其中在非常快速生长和蛋白质合成期间具有最大表达的基因比在低生长时期具有最大表达的基因更偏向。
Codon usage bias (CUB) is a ubiquitous observation in molecular evolution. As a model, Drosophila has been particularly well-studied and indications show that selection at least partially controls codon usage, probably through selection for translational efficiency. Although many aspects of Drosophila CUB have been studied, this is the first study relating codon usage to development in this holometabolous insect with very different life stages. Here we ask the question: What developmental stage ofDrosophila melanogasterhas the greatest CUB? Genes with maximum expression in the larval stage have the greatest overall CUB when compared with embryos, pupae, and adults. (The same pattern was observed inDrosophila pseudoobscura, see Supplementary Material online.) We hypothesize this is related to the very rapid growth of larvae, placing increased selective pressure to produce large amounts of protein: a 300-fold increase requiring an approximate doubling of protein content every 10 h. Genes with highest expression in adult males and early embryos, stages with the least de novo protein synthesis, display the least CUB. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CUB is caused (at least in part) by selection for efficient protein production. This seems to hold on the individual gene level (highly expressed genes are more biased than lowly expressed genes) as well as on a more global scale where genes with maximum expression during times of very rapid growth and protein synthesis are more biased than genes with maximum expression during times of low growth.
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