The importance of thinking about the future in culture and cumulative cultural evolution

The importance of thinking about the future in culture and cumulative cultural evolution
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思考文化未来和累积文化进化的重要性

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2021.0349
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brosnan, S. F.
Brosnan, S. F.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vale, G. L.;Coughlin, C.;Brosnan, S. F.

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对可能性的思考在人类一生中所做的选择中起着关键作用。尽管如此,个人考虑文化可能性的能力的影响在很大程度上被忽视了。我们认为,推理未来可能性或前瞻性认知的能力,对文化变革有影响,可能促进累积文化进化的过程。特别是,通过考虑特定行为的潜在未来成本和收益,前瞻性认知可能会导致更灵活地使用文化行为。在规划能力有限的物种中,这可能会导致文化的发展,促进具有未来利益的行为,绕过这种限制。在这里,我们从比较的角度来审视这些想法,考虑人类和非人类对未来可能性的评估之间的关系,以及他们创造新解决方案并随着时间的推移加以改进的文化能力。考虑到评估跨物种前瞻性认知的方法学困难,我们专注于规划,我们在其他物种中拥有最多的数据。阐明前瞻性认知在文化中的作用将有助于我们理解文化表达的时间和方式的可变性,为正在进行的辩论提供信息,例如围绕文化背后的社会学习机制的辩论。本文是主题问题“思考可能性:机制,个体发育,功能和遗传”的一部分。
Thinking about possibilities plays a critical role in the choices humans make throughout their lives. Despite this, the influence of individuals' ability to consider what is possible on culture has been largely overlooked. We propose that the ability to reason about future possibilities or prospective cognition, has consequences for cultural change, possibly facilitating the process of cumulative cultural evolution. In particular, by considering potential future costs and benefits of specific behaviours, prospective cognition may lead to a more flexible use of cultural behaviours. In species with limited planning abilities, this may lead to the development of cultures that promote behaviours with future benefits, circumventing this limitation. Here, we examine these ideas from a comparative perspective, considering the relationship between human and nonhuman assessments of future possibilities and their cultural capacity to invent new solutions and improve them over time. Given the methodological difficulties of assessing prospective cognition across species, we focus on planning, for which we have the most data in other species. Elucidating the role of prospective cognition in culture will help us understand the variability in when and how we see culture expressed, informing ongoing debates, such as that surrounding which social learning mechanisms underlie culture.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
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