Role of conditioning and verbal suggestion in placebo and nocebo effects on itch.
Role of conditioning and verbal suggestion in placebo and nocebo effects on itch.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0091727
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Evers AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartels DJ;van Laarhoven AI;Haverkamp EA;Wilder-Smith OH;Donders AR;van Middendorp H;van de Kerkhof PC;Evers AW
已知安慰剂和反安慰剂效应在多种条件下的治疗效果中起关键作用。这些影响经常被研究关于疼痛和其他身体感觉，但几乎没有被研究关于瘙痒。此外，无论是在疼痛还是在任何其他身体感觉中，条件反射和言语暗示的期望机制的单一和组合贡献都曾在一个设计中的安慰剂和反安慰剂效应中进行过研究。首次通过实验研究了言语暗示和条件反射在安慰剂和反安慰剂对瘙痒作用中的作用。通过口头暗示、条件反射或两种方法的结合，在健康受试者中诱导对瘙痒刺激的期望，并与没有期望诱导的对照组进行比较。通过定量感觉测试电诱发瘙痒。显著的安慰剂和反安慰剂的影响，诱导组中的条件反射和口头建议相结合的程序与对照组相比。与对照组相比，单独应用的条件反射和口头暗示程序并没有引起显着的安慰剂和反安慰剂效应。这项研究的结果扩展了现有的关于不同身体感觉（如疼痛）的证据，表明对于瘙痒，条件反射和口头暗示的组合在诱导安慰剂和反安慰剂效应方面最有希望。有必要在感知和神经生物学水平上对安慰剂和反安慰剂效应进行更多的研究，以进一步阐明安慰剂和反安慰剂对瘙痒和其他身体感觉的作用的共同和特定机制。
Placebo and nocebo effects are known to play a key role in treatment effects in a wide variety of conditions. These effects have frequently been investigated with regard to pain and also in other physical sensations, but have hardly been investigated with regard to itch. In addition, neither in pain nor in any other physical sensation, the single and combined contribution of the expectancy mechanisms of conditioning and verbal suggestion have ever been investigated in both placebo and nocebo effects within one design. For the first time, the role of verbal suggestion and conditioning in placebo and nocebo effects on itch was experimentally investigated. Expectations about itch stimuli were induced in healthy subjects by verbal suggestion, conditioning, or a combination of both procedures, and compared with a control group without expectation induction. Itch was induced electrically by means of quantitative sensory testing. Significant placebo and nocebo effects were induced in the group in which combined procedures of conditioning and verbal suggestion were applied in comparison with the control group. The conditioning and verbal suggestion procedures applied individually did not induce significant placebo and nocebo effects when compared with the control group. The results of this study extend existing evidence on different physical sensations, like pain, by showing that also for itch, the combination of conditioning and verbal suggestion is most promising in inducing both placebo and nocebo effects. More research on placebo and nocebo effects at a perceptive and neurobiological level is warranted to further elucidate the common and specific mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo effects on itch and other physical sensations.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10318.x
发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
The British journal of dermatology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Papoiu AD;Wang H;Coghill RC;Chan YH;Yosipovitch G
通讯作者：
Yosipovitch G
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Geers, Andrew L.;Kosbab, Kristin;Wellman, Justin A.
通讯作者：
Wellman, Justin A.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1216160109
发表时间：
2012-11-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Holle, Henning;Warne, Kimberley;Ward, Jamie
通讯作者：
Ward, Jamie
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Brouwer, Danny;Meijer, Rob R.;Baneke, Joost J.
通讯作者：
Baneke, Joost J.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Geers, AL;Helfer, SG;Landry, SJ
通讯作者：
Landry, SJ