An evaluation of graduated driver licensing effects on fatal crash involvements of young drivers in the United States.
An evaluation of graduated driver licensing effects on fatal crash involvements of young drivers in the United States.
复制标题
评估对美国年轻驾驶员的致命坠机事故介入的评估。
DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2011.588296
复制
发表时间：
2011-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Voas R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fell JC;Jones K;Romano E;Voas R
毕业驾驶执照（GDL）系统旨在降低年轻新手驾驶员的高碰撞风险。美国几乎所有的州都有某种形式的三阶段GDL系统，在中间阶段有各种限制。在不同的国家的GDL的影响的研究表明，在致命的碰撞涉及16和17岁的司机显着减少;然而，只有少数国家的GDL影响的研究已经出版。这项国家小组研究的目的是评估GDL法律对新手驾驶员致命碰撞参与的影响，同时控制先前研究中未考虑的可能混杂因素。死亡分析报告系统（法尔斯）被用来检查16和17岁的司机参与致命的碰撞（其中GDL法律适用）相对于两个年轻的司机年龄组（19-20，21-25），GDL不会产生影响。1990年至2007年期间，各州通过各种GDL法律的日期来自各种来源。纵向面板回归分析中的协变量包括四项可能对16岁和17岁的司机产生影响的法律：主要执行安全带法，21岁以下司机的零容忍（ZT）酒精法，将驾驶的血液酒精浓度限制降低到0.08，以及所谓的“使用和失去”法律，即20岁及以下的司机因违反未成年人饮酒而失去驾照。平均强度的GDL法的采用与16和17岁的司机的致命碰撞参与相对于两个比较组之一的致命碰撞参与的显着减少。被评为“良好”的GDL法律显示出更强的关系，以减少致命的碰撞，和法律被评为“不太好”显示没有减少碰撞涉及相对于老年司机比较组。采用基本GDL法律的州可以预期16和17岁的司机参与致命事故的比例下降8%至14%（相对于21至25岁的司机），这取决于影响新手司机的其他现有法律，例如这些分析中使用的法律。这一发现与最近使用不同结局指标和协变量的国家研究一致。这项研究的结果提供了额外的支持，国家采用，维护和升级GDL系统，以减少年轻的交通事故死亡人数。
Graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems are designed to reduce the high crash risk of young novice drivers. Almost all states in the United States have some form of a three-phased GDL system with various restrictions in the intermediate phase. Studies of the effects of GDL in various states show significant reductions in fatal crash involvements of 16- and 17-year-old drivers; however, only a few national studies of GDL effects have been published. The objective of this national panel study was to evaluate the effect of GDL laws on the fatal crash involvements of novice drivers while controlling for possible confounding factors not accounted for in prior studies. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was used to examine 16- and 17-year-old driver involvement in fatal crashes (where GDL laws are applied) relative to two young driver age groups (19-20, 21-25) where GDL would not be expected to have an effect. Dates when various GDL laws were adopted in the states between 1990 and 2007 were coded from a variety of sources. Covariates in the longitudinal panel regression analyses conducted included four laws that could have an effect on 16- and 17-year-old drivers: primary enforcement seat belt laws, zero-tolerance (ZT) alcohol laws for drivers younger than age 21, lowering the blood alcohol concentration limit for driving to .08, and so-called “use and lose” laws where drivers aged 20 and younger lose their licenses for underage drinking violations. The adoption of a GDL law of average strength was associated with a significant decrease in fatal crash involvements of 16- and 17-year-old drivers relative to fatal crash involvements of one of the two comparison groups. GDL laws rated as “good” showed stronger relationships to fatal crash reductions, and laws rated as “less than good” showed no reductions in crash involvements relative to the older driver comparison groups. States that adopt a basic GDL law can expect a decrease of 8 to 14% in the proportion of 16- and 17-year-old drivers involved in fatal crashes (relative to 21- to 25-year-old drivers), depending upon their other existing laws that affect novice drivers, such as those used in these analyses. This finding is consistent with recent national studies that used different outcome measures and covariates. The results of this study provide additional support for states to adopt, maintain, and upgrade GDL systems to reduce youthful traffic crash fatalities.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Mayhew, DR;Simpson, HM;Pak, A
通讯作者：
Pak, A
影响因子：
2
作者：
Masten, Scott V;Chapman, Eric A
通讯作者：
Chapman, Eric A
影响因子：
2
作者：
McCartt, Anne T.;Teoh, Eric R.;Hellinga, Laurie A.
通讯作者：
Hellinga, Laurie A.
影响因子：
8
作者：
Chen, Li-Hui;Baker, Susan P.;Li, Guohua
通讯作者：
Li, Guohua
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00945.x
发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Fell, James C.;Fisher, Deborah A.;Tippetts, A. Scott
通讯作者：
Tippetts, A. Scott