The computational origin of representation.

The computational origin of representation.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11023-020-09540-9
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
7.4
通讯作者:
Piantadosi ST
Piantadosi ST
中科院分区:
计算机科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Piantadosi ST

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我们的每一种心理表征理论都提供了一些关于思维如何运作的见解。然而,这些见解往往看起来是不相容的,正如符号、动态、涌现、亚符号和基础认知方法之间的争论所证明的那样。心理表征——无论它们是什么——必然与我们的表征理论有许多共同的特征,然而,关于综合如何可能的假设却很少。在这里,我发展了一个关于符号认知基础的理论,该理论展示了亚符号动力学如何产生结构、知识系统和算法过程的更高层次的认知表征。该理论通过假设一种内部通用表征语言实现了概念角色语义的一个版本,在这种语言中,学习者可以创建心理模型来捕捉他们在世界上观察到的动态。这一理论形式化地解释了真正新颖的概念内容是如何产生的,使我们能够解释即使是基本的逻辑和计算操作也是如何从更原始的基础上学习的。我提供了一个学习表示各种结构的实现,包括逻辑、数字、亲属树、规则语言、与上下文无关的语言、理论领域(如磁力)、支配层次结构、列表结构、量化和计算原语(如重复、反转和递归)。这种说法是基于简单的离散动力学过程,可以在各种不同的物理或生物系统中实现。特别是,我描述了如何在连接主义框架中直接实现所需的动态。由此产生的理论为认知提供了一种“汇编语言”,在这种语言中,符号计算的高级理论可以在简单的动力学中实现,而这些动力学本身可以在生物学上合理的系统中进行编码。
Each of our theories of mental representation provides some insight into how the mind works. However, these insights often seem incompatible, as the debates between symbolic, dynamical, emergentist, sub-symbolic, and grounded approaches to cognition attest. Mental representations—whatever they are—must share many features with each of our theories of representation, and yet there are few hypotheses about how a synthesis could be possible. Here, I develop a theory of the underpinnings of symbolic cognition that shows how sub-symbolic dynamics may give rise to higher-level cognitive representations of structures, systems of knowledge, and algorithmic processes. This theory implements a version of conceptual role semantics by positing an internal universal representation language in which learners may create mental models to capture dynamics they observe in the world. The theory formalizes one account of how truly novel conceptual content may arise, allowing us to explain how even elementary logical and computational operations may be learned from a more primitive basis. I provide an implementation that learns to represent a variety of structures, including logic, number, kinship trees, regular languages, context-free languages, domains of theories like magnetism, dominance hierarchies, list structures, quantification, and computational primitives like repetition, reversal, and recursion. This account is based on simple discrete dynamical processes that could be implemented in a variety of different physical or biological systems. In particular, I describe how the required dynamics can be directly implemented in a connectionist framework. The resulting theory provides an “assembly language” for cognition, where high-level theories of symbolic computation can be implemented in simple dynamics that themselves could be encoded in biologically plausible systems.
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发表时间: 2011-05-26
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影响因子: 16.2
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DOI: 10.1023/a:1008203301671
发表时间: 1997-02-01
期刊: MINDS AND MACHINES
影响因子: 7.4
作者:
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