SARS-CoV-2 in residential rooms of two self-isolating persons with COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 in residential rooms of two self-isolating persons with COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105870
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Wu CY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nannu Shankar S;Witanachchi CT;Morea AF;Lednicky JA;Loeb JC;Alam MM;Fan ZH;Eiguren-Fernandez A;Wu CY
建议感染 COVID-19 的个人在住所进行自我隔离，除非需要住院治疗。与 COVID-19 感染者同住一处的人有很大的接触该病毒的风险。然而，在此类环境中检测病毒的环境监测是有限的。我们提出了一项针对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒体环境采样的试点研究，该研究在两名自我隔离的 COVID-19 志愿者的住宅房间中进行。除了标准表面拭子采样之外，根据可用性，还使用了距离志愿者 0.3-2.2 m 的四个空气采样器：VIable 病毒气溶胶采样器 (VIVAS)、在聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 过滤器上捕获颗粒的内联空气采样器、NIOSH 2 级旋风采样器 (BC-251) 和 Sioutas 个人级联冲击采样器 (PCIS)。后两者选择性地收集特定尺寸范围的颗粒。通过对志愿者 A 房间的一份空气样本以及志愿者 B 房间的各种空气和表面样本中的颗粒进行实时逆转录定量聚合酶链反应 (rRT-qPCR) 分析，检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA。NIOSH 采样器从志愿者 A 房间收集的一份阳性样本的 N 基因定量周期 (Cq) 为 38.21，表明空气传播的病毒含量较低 [5.69E-02 SARS-CoV-2 基因组当量 (GE)/cm3 空气]。相比之下，在志愿者 B 房间内通过手机采集的空气样本和表面样本在采样第一天的 Cq 值分别为 14.58 至 24.73 和 21.01 至 24.74，表明该志愿者当时正在积极排出相对大量的 SARS-CoV-2。使用 LED-N 引物系统，PCIS 收集的空气样本中的 SARS-CoV-2 GE/cm3 范围为 6.84E+04 至 3.04E+05，最高来自第 4 级过滤器，同样，NIOSH 采样器收集的空气样本中的 SARS-CoV-2 GE/cm3 范围为 2.54E+03 至 1.68E+05 GE/cm3。尽管对从细胞培养基中纯化的 vRNA 进行 rRT-qPCR 分析测得 Cq 值为 34.56–37.32，但由于共同感染的人腺病毒 B3 (HAdVB3) 在接种后 4 天内杀死了 Vero E6 细胞培养物，因此尝试从志愿者 B 房间的样本中分离细胞培养物中的病毒并具有上述 Cq 值，但未能成功。根据 PCIS 和 NIOSH 采样器的记录，从志愿者 B 的房间空气中收集到的携带 SARS-CoV-2 的气溶胶颗粒的粒径分布分别为 >0.25 μm 和 >0.1 μm，这表明存在气溶胶传播的风险，因为这些颗粒可以长时间悬浮在空气中并长距离传播。在表面样本中检测到病毒也强调了 SARS-CoV-2 在室内环境中传播污染物的可能性。
Individuals with COVID-19 are advised to self-isolate at their residences unless they require hospitalization. Persons sharing a dwelling with someone who has COVID-19 have a substantial risk of being exposed to the virus. However, environmental monitoring for the detection of virus in such settings is limited. We present a pilot study on environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 virions in the residential rooms of two volunteers with COVID-19 who self-quarantined. Apart from standard surface swab sampling, based on availability, four air samplers positioned 0.3–2.2 m from the volunteers were used: a VIable Virus Aerosol Sampler (VIVAS), an inline air sampler that traps particles on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters, a NIOSH 2-stage cyclone sampler (BC-251), and a Sioutas personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS). The latter two selectively collect particles of specific size ranges. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by real-time Reverse-Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-qPCR) analyses of particles in one air sample from the room of volunteer A and in various air and surface samples from that of volunteer B. The one positive sample collected by the NIOSH sampler from volunteer A's room had a quantitation cycle (Cq) of 38.21 for the N-gene, indicating a low amount of airborne virus [5.69E-02 SARS-CoV-2 genome equivalents (GE)/cm3 of air]. In contrast, air samples and surface samples collected off the mobile phone in volunteer B's room yielded Cq values ranging from 14.58 to 24.73 and 21.01 to 24.74, respectively, on the first day of sampling, indicating that this volunteer was actively shedding relatively high amounts of SARS-CoV-2 at that time. The SARS-CoV-2 GE/cm3 of air for the air samples collected by the PCIS was in the range 6.84E+04 to 3.04E+05 using the LED-N primer system, the highest being from the stage 4 filter, and similarly, ranged from 2.54E+03 to 1.68E+05 GE/cm3 in air collected by the NIOSH sampler. Attempts to isolate the virus in cell culture from the samples from volunteer B's room with the aforementioned Cq values were unsuccessful due to out-competition by a co-infecting Human adenovirus B3 (HAdVB3) that killed the Vero E6 cell cultures within 4 days of their inoculation, although Cq values of 34.56–37.32 were measured upon rRT-qPCR analyses of vRNA purified from the cell culture medium. The size distribution of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosol particles collected from the air of volunteer B's room was >0.25 μm and >0.1 μm as recorded by the PCIS and the NIOSH sampler, respectively, suggesting a risk of aerosol transmission since these particles can remain suspended in air for an extended time and travel over long distances. The detection of virus in surface samples also underscores the potential for fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor settings.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/656825
发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
Influenza research and treatment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lednicky, John A;Loeb, Julia C
通讯作者：
Loeb, Julia C
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
Lednickya, John A.;Lauzardo, Michael;Wu, Chang-Yu
通讯作者：
Wu, Chang-Yu
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciaa1558
发表时间：
2021-07-30
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fung HF;Martinez L;Alarid-Escudero F;Salomon JA;Studdert DM;Andrews JR;Goldhaber-Fiebert JD;Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group
通讯作者：
Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
He, Xi;Lau, Eric H. Y.;Leung, Gabriel M.
通讯作者：
Leung, Gabriel M.
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.035
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hwang SE;Chang JH;Oh B;Heo J
通讯作者：
Heo J