Oxytocin Promotes Accurate Fear Discrimination and Adaptive Defensive Behaviors.
Oxytocin Promotes Accurate Fear Discrimination and Adaptive Defensive Behaviors.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2020.583878
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Dabrowska J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olivera-Pasilio V;Dabrowska J
九肽催产素（OT），以其在社会联系和依恋形成中的作用而闻名，在动物模型和人类研究中表现出抗焦虑特性。然而，它在调节恐惧反应中的作用似乎更复杂，大脑部位特异性，性别特异性，并依赖于先前的压力历史。研究表明，下丘脑OT神经元在线索和情境恐惧条件化过程中以及在恐惧回忆过程中被激活，突出了内源性催产素系统在恐惧学习中的募集。OT被释放到扩展杏仁核中，其中包含杏仁核的中央核（CeA）和终纹的床核（BNST），两者对于调节恐惧和焦虑样行为至关重要。行为研究报告说，OT在CeA减少上下文的恐惧反应，而在BNST，OT受体（OTR）的神经传递促进线索恐惧，并减少恐惧反应的无信号，扩散的威胁。这些表面上对比鲜明的行为效应支持越来越多的证据表明，OT通过减少背景恐惧或对扩散威胁的恐惧来促进恐惧歧视，但加强了对迫在眉睫和可预测威胁的恐惧反应。最近的研究从杏仁核（BLA）的基底外侧核支持这一观点，并表明，激活OTR在BLA促进恐惧歧视增加恐惧反应离散线索。此外，在CeA中的OTR传输已被证明介导从被动冻结到主动逃避行为的转变，以对抗迫在眉睫但可逃避的威胁，但降低对远处威胁的反应性。因此，OT似乎增加了相关威胁信号线索的显着性，但减少了对无信号，遥远或扩散威胁的恐惧反应。最后，OTR信号已被证明是在痛苦、恐惧的社会传播和恐惧的社会缓冲期间同种之间的情感歧视的基础。由于OT已被证明可以增强积极和消极社会经验的显着性，因此它也可以作为社交网络中潜在威胁的警告系统。在这里，我们扩展了社会显着性假设，提出OT增强相关的环境线索的显着性，也在非社会背景下，因此促进积极的防御行为。
The nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), known for its role in social bonding and attachment formation, has demonstrated anxiolytic properties in animal models and human studies. However, its role in the regulation of fear responses appears more complex, brain site-specific, sex-specific, and dependent on a prior stress history. Studies have shown that OT neurons in the hypothalamus are activated during cued and contextual fear conditioning and during fear recall, highlighting the recruitment of endogenous oxytocin system in fear learning. OT is released into the extended amygdala, which contains the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), both critical for the regulation of fear and anxiety-like behaviors. Behavioral studies report that OT in the CeA reduces contextual fear responses; whereas in the BNST, OT receptor (OTR) neurotransmission facilitates cued fear and reduces fear responses to un-signaled, diffuse threats. These ostensibly contrasting behavioral effects support growing evidence that OT works to promote fear discrimination by reducing contextual fear or fear of diffuse threats, yet strengthening fear responses to imminent and predictable threats. Recent studies from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) support this notion and show that activation of OTR in the BLA facilitates fear discrimination by increasing fear responses to discrete cues. Also, OTR transmission in the CeA has been shown to mediate a switch from passive freezing to active escape behaviors in confrontation with an imminent, yet escapable threat but reduce reactivity to distant threats. Therefore, OT appears to increase the salience of relevant threat-signaling cues yet reduce fear responses to un-signaled, distant, or diffuse threats. Lastly, OTR signaling has been shown to underlie emotional discrimination between conspecifics during time of distress, social transmission of fear, and social buffering of fear. As OT has been shown to enhance salience of both positive and negative social experiences, it can also serve as a warning system against potential threats in social networks. Here, we extend the social salience hypothesis by proposing that OT enhances the salience of relevant environmental cues also in non-social contexts, and as such promotes active defensive behaviors.
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在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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