Cutaneous melanoma: From pathogenesis to therapy (Review).

Cutaneous melanoma: From pathogenesis to therapy (Review).
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DOI:
10.3892/ijo.2018.4287
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发表时间:
2018-04
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Libra M
Libra M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leonardi GC;Falzone L;Salemi R;Zanghì A;Spandidos DA;Mccubrey JA;Candido S;Libra M

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在不到10年的时间里,随着酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和免疫检查点抑制剂的批准,黑色素瘤的治疗已经发生了革命性的变化,这两种药物已被证明对黑色素瘤患者的预后有重大影响。这一转变的早期步骤是在研究实验室进行的。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)途径通过这些途径不同组成部分上的大量基因组改变促进黑色素瘤的发展。此外,黑色素瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境和免疫系统深度相互作用。这一知识导致了新的治疗靶点和治疗策略的确定。本文就皮肤黑色素瘤的流行病学特征及其发生发展的生物学机制作一综述。目前最先进的晚期黑色素瘤治疗策略和目前可用的使用预测和预后生物标记物的证据也进行了讨论。
In less than 10 years, melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been shown to have a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with melanoma. The early steps of this transformation have taken place in research laboratories. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway promote the development of melanoma through numerous genomic alterations on different components of these pathways. Moreover, melanoma cells deeply interact with the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. This knowledge has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies. In this review, the epidemiological features of cutaneous melanoma along with the biological mechanisms involved in its development and progression are summarized. The current state-of-the-art of advanced stage melanoma treatment strategies and the currently available evidence of the use of predictive and prognostic biomarkers are also discussed.
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