Cortisol-induced masculinization: does thermal stress affect gonadal fate in pejerrey, a teleost fish with temperature-dependent sex determination?
Cortisol-induced masculinization: does thermal stress affect gonadal fate in pejerrey, a teleost fish with temperature-dependent sex determination?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0006548
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发表时间：
2009-08-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Watanabe S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hattori RS;Fernandino JI;Kishii A;Kimura H;Kinno T;Oura M;Somoza GM;Yokota M;Strüssmann CA;Watanabe S
许多爬行动物、鱼类和两栖动物的性腺命运受到生命早期关键时期所经历的温度的调节（温度依赖性性别决定; TSD）。TSD中涉及的几个分子过程已经被描述，但动物如何“感觉”环境温度仍然未知。我们研究了压力相关激素皮质醇介导的温度和性别分化的pejerrey，显着的TSD的雌雄异体硬骨鱼，它涉及糖皮质激素受体和/或类固醇生物合成调制的可能性。在性腺性别分化期间，在雄性化温度（29°C; 100%雄性）下饲养的幼虫比在雌性化温度（17°C; 100%雌性）下饲养的幼虫具有更高的皮质醇、11-酮睾酮（11-KT）和睾酮（T）滴度。皮质醇处理的动物有升高的11-KT和T，并表现出典型的男性化的分子特征，包括AMH上调，cyp 19 a1 a下调，以及在性别分化过程中性腺细胞凋亡的发生率较高。在“中性”温度（24°C）下对幼虫施用皮质醇和非代谢性糖皮质激素受体（GR）激动剂（地塞米松），导致雄性比例显著增加。我们的研究结果表明，皮质醇的男性化的pejerrey的作用，并提供了一个可能的联系，在这gonochoristic TSD物种的压力和睾丸分化。皮质醇在pejerrey TSD中的作用似乎涉及雄激素生物合成和GR介导的过程。这些研究结果和最近的报告皮质醇对顺序雌雄同体的鱼类，TSD爬行动物和鸟类的性别决定的影响提供了支持的概念，压力反应可能参与各种形式的环境性别决定。
Gonadal fate in many reptiles, fish, and amphibians is modulated by the temperature experienced during a critical period early in life (temperature-dependent sex determination; TSD). Several molecular processes involved in TSD have been described but how the animals “sense” environmental temperature remains unknown. We examined whether the stress-related hormone cortisol mediates between temperature and sex differentiation of pejerrey, a gonochoristic teleost fish with marked TSD, and the possibility that it involves glucocorticoid receptor- and/or steroid biosynthesis-modulation. Larvae maintained during the period of gonadal sex differentiation at a masculinizing temperature (29°C; 100% males) consistently had higher cortisol, 11-ketotestoterone (11-KT), and testosterone (T) titres than those at a feminizing temperature (17°C; 100% females). Cortisol-treated animals had elevated 11-KT and T, and showed a typical molecular signature of masculinization including amh upregulation, cyp19a1a downregulation, and higher incidence of gonadal apoptosis during sex differentiation. Administration of cortisol and a non-metabolizable glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist (Dexamethasone) to larvae at a “sexually neutral” temperature (24°C) caused significant increases in the proportion of males. Our results suggest a role of cortisol in the masculinization of pejerrey and provide a possible link between stress and testicular differentiation in this gonochoristic TSD species. Cortisol role or roles during TSD of pejerrey seem(s) to involve both androgen biosynthesis- and GR-mediated processes. These findings and recent reports of cortisol effects on sex determination of sequential hermaphroditic fishes, TSD reptiles, and birds provide support to the notion that stress responses might be involved in various forms of environmental sex determination.
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