Prevalence of human pathogenic viruses in wastewater: A potential transmission risk as well as an effective tool for early outbreak detection for COVID-19.
Prevalence of human pathogenic viruses in wastewater: A potential transmission risk as well as an effective tool for early outbreak detection for COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113486
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发表时间：
2021-11-15
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Al-Wabel MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmad J;Ahmad M;Usman ARA;Al-Wabel MI
数以百万计的人类致病病毒颗粒从感染者身上脱落并进入废水中，随后在世界各地引发水传播疾病。这些病毒可通过直接接触和/或吸入/吸入气雾剂从废水传播给人类。即使是先进的污水处理技术也无法完全去除废水中的致病病毒，对人体健康构成严重威胁。最近，由于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)，2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)在全球范围内受到敦促，截至2021年7月，已导致410万人死亡。快速的人与人之间的传播、有效疫苗的不确定性、非特定的医疗治疗以及不明确的症状迫使世界陷入完全封锁、社会距离、航空旅行暂停和教育机构关闭，随后损害了全球经济和贸易。虽然到目前为止还没有开发出什么医疗手段、快速检测工具和疫苗来遏制新冠肺炎的传播；然而，它们的适用性存在一些不确定性。此外，由于担心血液凝结和心脏炎症等副作用，社区对疫苗的接受度较低。新冠肺炎的病原体SARS-CoV-2经常在废水中被检测到，这对健康人群具有潜在的传播风险。相反，废水中出现的SARS-CoV-2可以通过水基流行病学作为早期暴发检测工具。因此，通过适当的废水监测，可以减少SARS-CoV-2通过粪便-口腔途径的传播，并可以避免任何可能的爆发。本文就废水回用并发症、新冠肺炎出现的潜在健康风险以及当前控制新冠肺炎传播的流行病学措施进行了讨论。此外，还对SARS-CoV-2在不同环境中的生存能力和在废水中的生存能力进行了综述。此外，还建议采取必要的行动(接种疫苗、口罩、社交距离和手消毒)来限制SARS-CoV-2的传播。因此，废水监测可以作为一种可行、有效和可靠的流行病学措施来减少新冠肺炎的传播。
Millions of human pathogenic viral particles are shed from infected individuals and introduce into wastewater, subsequently causing waterborne diseases worldwide. These viruses can be transmitted from wastewater to human beings via direct contact and/or ingestion/inhalation of aerosols. Even the advanced wastewater treatment technologies are unable to remove pathogenic viruses from wastewater completely, posing a serious health risk. Recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been urged globally due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has resulted in >4.1 million deaths until July 2021. A rapid human-to-human transmission, uncertainties in effective vaccines, non-specific medical treatments, and unclear symptoms compelled the world into complete lockdown, social distancing, air-travel suspension, and closure of educational institutions, subsequently damaging the global economy and trade. Although, few medical treatments, rapid detection tools, and vaccines have been developed so far to curb the spread of COVID-19; however, several uncertainties exist in their applicability. Further, the acceptance of vaccines among communities is lower owing to the fear of side effects such as blood-clotting and heart inflammation. SARS-CoV-2, an etiologic agent of COVID-19, has frequently been detected in wastewater, depicting a potential transmission risk to healthy individuals. Contrarily, the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be used as an early outbreak detection tool via water-based epidemiology. Therefore, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through fecal-oral pathway can be reduced and any possible outbreak can be evaded by proper wastewater surveillance. In this review, wastewater recycling complications, potential health risks of COVID-19 emergence, and current epidemiological measures to control COVID-19 spread have been discussed. Moreover, the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in various environments and survival in wastewater has been reviewed. Additionally, the necessary actions (vaccination, face mask, social distancing, and hand sanitization) to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have been recommended. Therefore, wastewater surveillance can serve as a feasible, efficient, and reliable epidemiological measure to lessen the spread of COVID-19.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Bailly, JL;Cardoso, MC;Peigue-Lafeuille, H
通讯作者：
Peigue-Lafeuille, H
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo;Yuan, Shuofeng;Yuen, Kwok-Yung
通讯作者：
Yuen, Kwok-Yung
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Barzon, Luisa;Pacenti, Monia;Palu, Giorgio
通讯作者：
Palu, Giorgio
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504666102
发表时间：
2005-09-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Allander, T;Tammi, MT;Andersson, B
通讯作者：
Andersson, B
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Bae, HG;Nitsche, A;Niedrig, M
通讯作者：
Niedrig, M