VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA expression in the primate auditory pathway.
VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA expression in the primate auditory pathway.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2010.11.001
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Balaram, Pooja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hackett, Troy A.;Takahata, Toru;Balaram, Pooja
囊泡谷氨酸转运体（VGLUT）调节谷氨酸在脑中的储存和释放。在成年动物中，VGLUT 1和VGLUT 2亚型广泛表达和差异分布，表明神经回路表现出不同的谷氨酸调节模式。啮齿类动物的研究表明，VGLUT 1和VGLUT 2的mRNA表达模式是部分互补的，VGLUT 1在皮质中表达水平较高，VGLUT 2在皮质下突出，但在某些核中分布重叠。在灵长类动物中，VGLUT基因的表达以前没有在大脑的任何部分进行过研究。本研究的目的是记录VGLUT 1和VGLUT 2 mRNA在听觉通路中通过A1在皮层的区域表达，并确定其分布是否与啮齿动物相似。反义核酸探针原位杂交显示VGLUT 2在小脑和大多数主要听觉核团的神经元中强烈表达，包括耳蜗背侧核和腹侧核、内侧和外侧上级橄榄核、下丘中央核、矢状突和内侧膝状体的所有分支。VGLUT 1在海马和腹侧耳蜗核中密集表达，在其他听觉核中表达水平降低。在听皮层，VGLUT 1表达神经元广泛分布于核心区、带状区和旁带区的Ⅱ-Ⅵ层。VGLUT 2在IIIb和IV层的神经元中表达最强，在II-IIIa层的神经元中表达较弱，在V-VI层中表达水平非常低。研究结果表明，VGLUT 2是强烈表达的神经元在所有级别的皮层下听觉通路，并在皮层的中间层的神经元，而VGLUT 1是强烈表达的大多数，如果不是所有的听觉皮层和听觉皮层下核团之间的可变水平的mammatergic神经元。这些模式意味着VGLUT 2是皮质下和丘脑皮质（TC）回路中的主要囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白，而VGLUT 1在皮质-皮质（CC）和皮质-丘脑（CT）投射系统中占主导地位。结果还表明，VGLUT mRNA在灵长类动物中的表达模式与啮齿类动物相似，并建立了在听觉系统的选定回路中详细研究这些转运蛋白的基线。
The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) regulate storage and release of glutamate in the brain. In adult animals, the VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 isoforms are widely expressed and differentially distributed, suggesting that neural circuits exhibit distinct modes of glutamate regulation. Studies in rodents suggest that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA expression patterns are partly complementary, with VGLUT1 expressed at higher levels in cortex and VGLUT2 prominent subcortically, but with overlapping distributions in some nuclei. In primates, VGLUT gene expression has not been previously studied in any part of the brain. The purposes of the present study were to document the regional expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA in the auditory pathway through A1 in cortex, and to determine whether their distributions are comparable to rodents. In situ hybridization with antisense riboprobes revealed that VGLUT2 was strongly expressed by neurons in the cerebellum and most major auditory nuclei, including the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, medial and lateral superior olivary nuclei, central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, sagulum, and all divisions of the medial geniculate. VGLUT1 was densely expressed in the hippocampus and ventral cochlear nuclei, and at reduced levels in other auditory nuclei. In auditory cortex, neurons expressing VGLUT1 were widely distributed in layers II – VI of the core, belt and parabelt regions. VGLUT2 was most strongly expressed by neurons in layers IIIb and IV, weakly by neurons in layers II – IIIa, and at very low levels in layers V – VI. The findings indicate that VGLUT2 is strongly expressed by neurons at all levels of the subcortical auditory pathway, and by neurons in the middle layers of cortex, whereas VGLUT1 is strongly expressed by most if not all glutamatergic neurons in auditory cortex and at variable levels among auditory subcortical nuclei. These patterns imply that VGLUT2 is the main vesicular glutamate transporter in subcortical and thalamocortical (TC) circuits, whereas VGLUT1 is dominant in cortico-cortical (CC) and cortico-thalamic (CT) systems of projections. The results also suggest that VGLUT mRNA expression patterns in primates are similar to rodents, and establishes a baseline for detailed studies of these transporters in selected circuits of the auditory system.
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