The Differentiation of CD4(+) T-Helper Cell Subsets in the Context of Helminth Parasite Infection.
The Differentiation of CD4(+) T-Helper Cell Subsets in the Context of Helminth Parasite Infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00487
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Le Gros G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouchery T;Kyle R;Ronchese F;Le Gros G
蠕虫被认为是推动脊椎动物中所谓的“2型”免疫反应进化的主要选择力量，它们的大小和感染策略对免疫系统提出了独特的挑战。最初，2型免疫反应是由CD4+ t -辅助性2亚群的存在和活性来定义的，这些亚群产生典型的细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13。这一观点现在受到了挑战，因为在感染过程中发现了更复杂的CD4+ t辅助细胞亚群模式，包括Tregs、Th17、Tfh，以及最近发现的Th22、Th9和ThGM。此外，对于蠕虫及其产物选择性激活CD4+ t细胞亚群的机制也有了更清晰的认识。在这篇综述中，我们关注了最近关于CD4+ t辅助细胞亚群在蠕虫感染背景下的选择性启动、分化和功能作用的数据。我们主张对原始Th2范式进行重新评估，并讨论观察到的辅助性t细胞亚群的可塑性如何使被寄生宿主在消除、组织修复、遏制和病理之间实现适当的妥协。
Helminths are credited with being the major selective force driving the evolution of the so-called “type 2” immune responses in vertebrate animals, with their size and infection strategies presenting unique challenges to the immune system. Originally, type 2 immune responses were defined by the presence and activities of the CD4+ T-helper 2 subset producing the canonical cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. This picture is now being challenged by the discovery of a more complex pattern of CD4+ T-helper cell subsets that appear during infection, including Tregs, Th17, Tfh, and more recently, Th22, Th9, and ThGM. In addition, a clearer view of the mechanisms by which helminths and their products selectively prime the CD4+ T-cell subsets is emerging. In this review, we have focused on recent data concerning the selective priming, differentiation, and functional role of CD4+ T-helper cell subsets in the context of helminth infection. We argue for a re-evaluation of the original Th2 paradigm and discuss how the observed plasticity of the T-helper subsets may enable the parasitized host to achieve an appropriate compromise between elimination, tissue repair, containment, and pathology.
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