The effect of active versus passive training strategies on improving older drivers' scanning in intersections.
The effect of active versus passive training strategies on improving older drivers' scanning in intersections.
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720809352654
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发表时间：
2009-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fisher DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romoser MR;Fisher DL
本研究旨在 (a) 确定老年驾驶员在转弯时是否比年轻驾驶员更少寻找潜在威胁；(b) 比较主动和被动训练对老年驾驶员表现的有效性以及对其在十字路口驾驶技能的评估。与年龄相关的视力、身体能力、精神运动协调性和认知能力下降，使得老年驾驶员在转弯时不太可能寻找潜在的威胁。研究表明，主动培训应该是提高老年驾驶员表现和自我意识的有效手段。在实验 1 中，年轻和年长的参与者驾驶了一系列虚拟交叉路口场景，观看了视频重播，并获得了反馈。在实验 2 中，老年驾驶员被分配到三个组之一：主动模拟器训练、被动课堂训练或不接受训练。培训前和培训后模拟器和现场驾驶评估了培训效果。在实验 1 中，年长的驾驶员在转弯时观察的频率比年轻的驾驶员少。定制反馈成功地改变了驾驶员对其能力的看法。在实验 2 中，在训练后模拟器和现场驾驶中，主动训练使驾驶员在转弯时寻找威胁的概率提高了近 100%。那些接受被动训练或没有训练的人没有表现出任何改善。与被动训练相比，主动训练是一种更有效的策略，可以增加老年驾驶员在转弯时寻找威胁的可能性。这项研究的结果可以指导开发能够减少老年驾驶员十字路口碰撞事故的项目。
This study aimed (a) to determine whether older drivers looked less often for potential threats while turning than younger drivers and (b) to compare the effectiveness of active and passive training on older drivers’ performance and evaluation of their driving skills in intersections. Age-related declines in vision, physical abilities, psychomotor coordination, and cognition combine to make it less likely that older drivers will look for potential threats during a turn. Research suggests that active training should be an effective means of improving older drivers’ performance and self-awareness. In Experiment 1, younger and older participants drove a series of virtual intersection scenarios, were shown video replays, and were provided feedback. In Experiment 2, older drivers were assigned to one of three cohorts: active simulator training, passive classroom training, or no training. Pre- and posttraining simulator and field drives assessed training effectiveness. In Experiment 1, older drivers looked less often during turns than younger drivers. Customized feedback was successful in altering drivers’ perception of their abilities. In Experiment 2, active training increased a driver’s probability of looking for a threat during a turn by nearly 100% in both posttraining simulator and field drives. Those receiving passive training or no training showed no improvement. Compared with passive training, active training is a more effective strategy for increasing older drivers’ likelihood of looking for threats during a turn. The results of this research can guide the development of programs that could reduce intersection crashes among older drivers.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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3.3
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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