Intracellular transport of retroviral capsid components.
Intracellular transport of retroviral capsid components.
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逆转录病毒衣壳成分的细胞内转运。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Welker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Kräusslich;R. Welker
病毒颗粒的形成保护病毒基因组免受外源因子的影响，并允许其内容物在递送至靶细胞时释放。逆转录病毒通常引起持续性感染，并且通常不裂解其宿主细胞。在这种情况下，病毒形态发生需要将单个病毒体组分转运到生产细胞内的特定位点，随后通过从质膜出芽组装和释放。细胞外感染性逆转录病毒由包含RNA基因组和病毒复制酶（pol基因的产物）的内核组成，该内核包封在包含病毒糖蛋白（env基因的产物;图1）的宿主衍生脂质膜中。因此，任何逆转录病毒的形态发生都需要
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图1
逆转录病毒复制的装配和拆卸（晚期和早期）阶段。在上半部分，描述了颗粒形成的三个必需基因（gag，pol，env）。结构域组织显示为人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）-1的多聚蛋白，但通常是相似的所有逆转录病毒。MA，基质; CA，衣壳;NC，核衣壳; PR; RT，逆转录酶; IN，整合酶; SU表面糖蛋白; TM，跨膜糖蛋白。N-末端MA结构域是高亮度的;圆圈表示肉豆蔻酸修饰。在下半部分，左边显示了通过出芽和释放未成熟病毒导致组装的晚期事件，中间显示了细胞外成熟为感染性病毒体，右边显示了感染的早期阶段（包括病毒摄取、脱壳、基因组复制和整合
位于基因组5′端的gag基因编码的核心蛋白。其他组分（Pol和Enc蛋白和基因组RNA）的掺入对于颗粒形成不是必需的，但对于感染性是必需的，并且在靶向和组装中也可能是重要的。在感染性逆转录病毒制剂中已经鉴定出另外的病毒和细胞蛋白，最显著的是在人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）的情况下。其中一些辅助蛋白具有重要的功能（见第10章）。7)而其它的是偶然的污染物，这是由于逆转录病毒不能被纯化至同质的事实。此外，如果细胞质蛋白质或核酸在组装位点可用并且没有被主动排除，则在感染细胞中的颗粒组装可以导致细胞质蛋白质或核酸的非特异性掺入。
Formation of a virus particle protects the viral genome from exogenous agents and permits release of its content upon delivery to the target cell. Retroviruses generally cause persistent infections and do not usually lyse their host cells. In this case virus morphogenesis requires transport of individual virion components to a specific site within the producer cell, with subsequent assembly and release by budding from the plasma membrane. Extracellular infectious retroviruses are composed of an inner core containing the RNA genome and the viral replication enzymes (products of the pol gene) enclosed in a host-derived lipid membrane that contains the viral glycoproteins (products of the env gene; Fig. 1). Morphogenesis of any retrovirus therefore requires the morphoieic function of
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Fig. 1
Assembly and disassembly (late and early) phases of retroviral replication. In the upper part, three essential genes for particle formation (gag, pol, env) are depicted. The domain organization is shown for the polyproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, but is generally similar for all retroviruses. MA, matrix; CA, capsid;NC, nucleocapsid; PR; RT, reverse transcriptase; IN, integrase; SU surface glycoprotein; TM, transmembrane glycoprotein. The N-terminal MA domain is highligthed; the circle indicates modification by myristic acid. In the lower part, the late events leading to assembly, by budding, and release of immature viruses are shown on the left, extracellular maturation to the infectious virion in the middle, and the early phase of infection (including virus uptake, uncoating, genome replicaion, and integration) on the right
the core proteins encoded by the gag gene at the 5′ end of the genome. Incorporation of the othe components (Pol and Enc proteins and genomic RNA) is not necessary for particle formation, but is necessary for infectivity and may also be important in targeting and assembly. Additional viral and cellular proteins have been identified in infectious retrovirus preparations, most notably in the case of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Some of these accesory proteins serve important functions (see Chap. 7) while others are fortuitous contaminants, due to the fact that retroviruses cannot be purified to homogeneity. Moreover, particle assembly in the infected cell can lead to nonspecific incorporation of cytoplasmic proteins or nucleic acids if these are available at the assembly site and are not actively excluded.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.13.6125
发表时间：
1993-07-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BUKRINSKY, MI;SHAROVA, N;STEVENSON, M
通讯作者：
STEVENSON, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.86.15.5781
发表时间：
1989-08-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GOTTLINGER, HG;SODROSKI, JG;HASELTINE, WA
通讯作者：
HASELTINE, WA
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
R. Pal;Marvin S. Reitz;Erwin Tschachler;Robert C. Gallo;M. Sarngadharan;F. D. Veronese
通讯作者：
R. Pal;Marvin S. Reitz;Erwin Tschachler;Robert C. Gallo;M. Sarngadharan;F. D. Veronese
干扰素-α 会改变正常和白血病人类 B 淋巴细胞中的血影蛋白组织。
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Evans,SS;Wang,WC;Gregorio,CC;Han,T;Repasky,EA
通讯作者：
Repasky,EA
DOI：
10.1089/jir.1981.1.613
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Journal of interferon research
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Pfeffer;F. Landsberger;I. Tamm
通讯作者：
L. Pfeffer;F. Landsberger;I. Tamm