Developing and maintaining a nose-to-brain map of odorant identity.
Developing and maintaining a nose-to-brain map of odorant identity.
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鼻子嗅上皮中的嗅觉感觉神经元 (OSN) 将化学气味刺激转换为电信号。然后这些信号被发送到大脑中 OSN 的目标结构，即主嗅球 (OB)，它执行嗅觉中感觉处理的初始阶段。 OSN 到 OB 的投影在化学空间图中高度组织化，其中表达相同气味受体 (OR) 的 OSN 的轴突末端合并成称为肾小球的单个球形结构。这种从鼻子到大脑的气味识别图谱是通过基因编码、OR 依赖性和活性依赖性机制的复杂组合从胚胎发育晚期到出生后早期建立的。然后，它必须在整个成年期积极维持，因为 OSN 由于外部损伤和持续的神经发生而经历更替。我们的综述描述并讨论了嗅觉中这两个不同且关键的过程，重点关注在哺乳动物 OSN 到 OB 投射中首先建立然后维持化学空间顺序的已知机制。
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium of the nose transduce chemical odorant stimuli into electrical signals. These signals are then sent to the OSNs' target structure in the brain, the main olfactory bulb (OB), which performs the initial stages of sensory processing in olfaction. The projection of OSNs to the OB is highly organized in a chemospatial map, whereby axon terminals from OSNs expressing the same odorant receptor (OR) coalesce into individual spherical structures known as glomeruli. This nose-to-brain map of odorant identity is built from late embryonic development to early postnatal life, through a complex combination of genetically encoded, OR-dependent and activity-dependent mechanisms. It must then be actively maintained throughout adulthood as OSNs experience turnover due to external insult and ongoing neurogenesis. Our review describes and discusses these two distinct and crucial processes in olfaction, focusing on the known mechanisms that first establish and then maintain chemospatial order in the mammalian OSN-to-OB projection.
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