A Comparative Study of Dark Patterns Across Web and Mobile Modalities

A Comparative Study of Dark Patterns Across Web and Mobile Modalities
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跨网络和移动模式的暗模式的比较研究

DOI:
10.1145/3479521
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wilson, Christo
Wilson, Christo
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gunawan, Johanna;Pradeep, Amogh;Choffnes, David;Hartzog, Woodrow;Wilson, Christo

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暗模式是用户界面元素,可以影响一个人的行为违背他们的意图或最佳利益。先前的工作在网站和移动应用程序中发现了这些模式,但对于平台的设计如何影响黑暗模式的表现和相关的人类脆弱性知之甚少。在本文中,我们对105种流行服务的移动应用程序、移动浏览器和web浏览器版本进行了比较研究,以调查不同模式下暗模式的变化。我们执行手动测试,识别每个服务中的暗模式,并检查它们如何持续存在或因模式而不同。我们的研究结果表明,虽然服务可以在不同的模式中同样地使用一些黑暗模式,但许多黑暗模式在不同的平台之间是不同的,这些差异使人们在自主、隐私和控制方面的体验不一致。最后,我们讨论了对政策制定者和实践者的更广泛的影响,并为进一步的暗模式研究提供了建议。
Dark patterns are user interface elements that can influence a person's behavior against their intentions or best interests. Prior work identified these patterns in websites and mobile apps, but little is known about how the design of platforms might impact dark pattern manifestations and related human vulnerabilities. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of mobile application, mobile browser, and web browser versions of 105 popular services to investigate variations in dark patterns across modalities. We perform manual tests, identify dark patterns in each service, and examine how they persist or differ by modality. Our findings show that while services can employ some dark patterns equally across modalities, many dark patterns vary between platforms, and that these differences saddle people with inconsistent experiences of autonomy, privacy, and control. We conclude by discussing broader implications for policymakers and practitioners, and provide suggestions for furthering dark patterns research.
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