Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication.
Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-02521-7
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发表时间：
2021-11-26
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Xu Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu L;Zheng X;Wei X;Kai Z;Xu Y
种植业总磷（TP）损失是造成农业面源污染的资源之一。明确TP损失的影响因素，探讨种植业TP损失与地表水富营养化的关系，对于提出减少环境污染的建议具有重要意义。本次研究中，TP平均损失量最小和最大出现在青海省和山东省，2012-2014年TP损失量分别为7.7×102 t和7.5×103 t。结构方程模型（SEM）结果表明，人为驱动因素对TP损失的影响比自然条件更重要，因为人为驱动因素的路径系数（0.814）高于自然条件（0.130）。对于人为驱动因素，化肥和农药的使用（我国经常过度施用）的通径系数分别为0.921和0.909，成为影响TP损失的两个主导因素。年降水量和相对湿度属于自然条件，通过增强淋滤和地表径流，增加了总磷的损失。然而，光照时间可以通过促进作物生长和增加作物对总磷的吸收来减少总磷损失，路径系数为-0.920。各省单位面积TP损失量与其地表水TP浓度显着相关(p<0.05)，表明种植损失量是造成地表水富营养化的主要因素。本研究针对减少种植TP损失提出了推广科学施肥技术、限制使用有机磷农药、推广节水灌溉技术等三点建议。这些发现以及本文的建议将为减少种植造成的总磷损失提供方向。
Total phosphorus (TP) loss from planting was one of the resources causing agricultural non-point source pollution. It is significant to clarify the factors influencing TP loss, as well as explore the relationship between TP loss from planting and surface water eutrophication for making recommendations on the reduction of environmental pollution. In this study, the minimum and maximum of average TP loss was appeared in Qinghai and Shandong province with the TP loss of 7.7 × 102 t and 7.5 × 103 t from 2012 to 2014, respectively. The results of structural equation model (SEM) indicating that the effect of anthropogenic drivers on TP loss was more important than natural conditions due to the higher path coefficient of anthropogenic drivers (0.814) than that of natural conditions (0.130). For anthropogenic drivers, the path coefficients of usage of fertilizer and pesticides, which was often excessively applied in China, were 0.921 and 0.909, respectively causing they the two dominant factors affecting TP loss. Annual precipitation and relative humidity, which were belongs to natural conditions, increased TP loss by enhancing leaching and surface runoff. However, light duration could reduce TP loss by promoting crop growth and increasing TP absorption of crops, with a path coefficient of − 0.920. TP loss of each province in per unit area from planting was significantly correlated with TP concentration of its surface water (p < 0.05), suggesting that TP loss from planting was the main factor causing surface water eutrophication. This study targeted presented three proposals to reduce the TP loss from planting, including promotion of scientific fertilization technologies, restriction of organophosphorus pesticides, and popularization of water saving irrigation technologies. These findings as well as suggestions herein would provide direction for the reduction of TP loss from planting.
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