Behavioral, Physiological and EEG Activities Associated with Conditioned Fear as Sensors for Fear and Anxiety.
Behavioral, Physiological and EEG Activities Associated with Conditioned Fear as Sensors for Fear and Anxiety.
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DOI：
10.3390/s20236751
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发表时间：
2020-11-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lenz FA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chien JH;Colloca L;Korzeniewska A;Meeker TJ;Bienvenu OJ;Saffer MI;Lenz FA
焦虑症对美国和全世界的公共卫生和生产力造成了巨大的损失。目前，这些条件是通过自我报告问卷来量化的，这些问卷只适用于可意识到的行为，或者通过对与恐惧和焦虑相关的词的反应时间来量化，这些词是间接的，因为它们不会产生恐惧，例如Dot Probe Test和emotional Stroop。我们现在回顾了中性刺激（条件刺激CS+）提示疼痛激光非条件刺激（US）时对恐惧产生的条件反应（CRs）。这些CRs包括自主神经（皮肤电导反应）和CS+不愉快的评级，集中注意力的能力，以及对CS+与US（期望）的关联的认识。这些cr与恐惧直接相关，其中一些衡量的是意识最不易触及的行为，如经济尺度。与恐惧相关的反应包括振荡脑电图功率的非锁相变化（由刺激后的频率和时间定义），以及锁相视觉和激光诱发反应的变化，两者都包括反映注意力或期望的晚电位，如P300，或偶然的负变化。刺激后振荡功率的增加（ERS）和减少（ERD）可以推广，因为它们在健康受试者中具有一致性。ERS和ERD与上述评分以及焦虑人格和临床焦虑有关，并且可以在短时间间隔内解决活动，例如某些情绪和情绪。这些结果可以纳入一个客观的仪器测试，测量自主神经活动的脑电图和cr以及与条件性恐惧相关的心理评分，其中一些是潜意识的。就像警惕性仪器测试的情况一样，这些结果可能有助于直接、客观地测量焦虑障碍和焦虑人格治疗的风险、诊断和监测的多个方面。
Anxiety disorders impose substantial costs upon public health and productivity in the USA and worldwide. At present, these conditions are quantified by self-report questionnaires that only apply to behaviors that are accessible to consciousness, or by the timing of responses to fear- and anxiety-related words that are indirect since they do not produce fear, e.g., Dot Probe Test and emotional Stroop. We now review the conditioned responses (CRs) to fear produced by a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus CS+) when it cues a painful laser unconditioned stimulus (US). These CRs include autonomic (Skin Conductance Response) and ratings of the CS+ unpleasantness, ability to command attention, and the recognition of the association of CS+ with US (expectancy). These CRs are directly related to fear, and some measure behaviors that are minimally accessible to consciousness e.g., economic scales. Fear-related CRs include non-phase-locked phase changes in oscillatory EEG power defined by frequency and time post-stimulus over baseline, and changes in phase-locked visual and laser evoked responses both of which include late potentials reflecting attention or expectancy, like the P300, or contingent negative variation. Increases (ERS) and decreases (ERD) in oscillatory power post-stimulus may be generalizable given their consistency across healthy subjects. ERS and ERD are related to the ratings above as well as to anxious personalities and clinical anxiety and can resolve activity over short time intervals like those for some moods and emotions. These results could be incorporated into an objective instrumented test that measures EEG and CRs of autonomic activity and psychological ratings related to conditioned fear, some of which are subliminal. As in the case of instrumented tests of vigilance, these results could be useful for the direct, objective measurement of multiple aspects of the risk, diagnosis, and monitoring of therapies for anxiety disorders and anxious personalities.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Andersen, Soren Bo;Moore, Roger Anthony;Corr, Philip Joseph
通讯作者：
Corr, Philip Joseph
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Blechert, Jens;Michael, Tanja;Wilhelm, Frank H.
通讯作者：
Wilhelm, Frank H.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Bandelow, Borwin;Baldwin, David;Riederer, Peter
通讯作者：
Riederer, Peter
DOI：
10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867
发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bandelow B;Baldwin D;Abelli M;Bolea-Alamanac B;Bourin M;Chamberlain SR;Cinosi E;Davies S;Domschke K;Fineberg N;Grünblatt E;Jarema M;Kim YK;Maron E;Masdrakis V;Mikova O;Nutt D;Pallanti S;Pini S;Ströhle A;Thibaut F;Vaghi MM;Won E;Wedekind D;Wichniak A;Woolley J;Zwanzger P;Riederer P
通讯作者：
Riederer P
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Barbas H;Saha S;Rempel-Clower N;Ghashghaei T
通讯作者：
Ghashghaei T