Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life's early evolution and eukaryote origin.

Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life's early evolution and eukaryote origin.
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基因组和化石的综合证据揭示了生命的早期进化和真核生物的起源。

DOI:
10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x
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发表时间:
2018-10
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Pisani D
Pisani D
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Betts HC;Puttick MN;Clark JW;Williams TA;Donoghue PCJ;Pisani D

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由于化石证据的缺乏、解释的困难以及对生命之树最深层分支关系的争议,为地球和生命的早期演化建立统一的时间尺度具有挑战性并陷入争议。令人惊讶的是,这可能仍然是生命史上唯一一个对化石记录的字面解释占主导地位的事件,并随着每一个新发现和重新解释而修订。我们将化石材料的重新评估与新的分子钟分析相结合,得出了生命的时间尺度。我们发现细胞生命的最后一个普遍共同祖先 (LUCA) 早于晚期猛烈轰击 (>3.9 Ga) 的结束。生命的两个主要分支真细菌和古细菌的冠进化枝出现得晚得多(<3.4 Ga),将最古老的生命化石证据归咎于它们的茎谱系。大氧化事件明显早于现代蓝藻的起源,表明光合作用是在蓝藻茎谱系内进化的。现代真核生物出现于地球历史较晚的时期(<1.84 Ga),证伪了 GOE 促进其辐射的假说。线粒体的共生起源(2.053 – 1.21 Ga)反映了真核生物的晚期起源,它们不构成生命的主要谱系。
Establishing a unified timescale for the early evolution of Earth and Life is challenging and mired in controversy because of the paucity of fossil evidence, the difficulty of interpreting it, and dispute over the deepest branching relationships in the tree of life. Surprisingly, it remains perhaps the only episode in the history of Life where literal interpretations of the fossil record hold sway, revised with every new discovery and reinterpretation. We derive a timescale of life, combining a reappraisal of the fossil material with new molecular clock analyses. We find that the last universal common ancestor of cellular life (LUCA) predated the end of late heavy bombardment (>3.9 Ga). The crown clades of the two primary divisions of life, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, emerged much later (<3.4 Ga), relegating the oldest fossil evidence for life to their stem lineages. The Great Oxidation Event significantly predates the origin of modern Cyanobacteria, indicating that photosynthesis evolved within the cyanobacterial stem-lineage. Modern eukaryotes emerged late in Earth history (<1.84 Ga), falsifying the hypothesis that the GOE facilitated their radiation. The symbiotic origin of mitochondria, at 2.053 – 1.21 Ga reflects a late origin of the eukaryotes, that do not constitute a primary linage of life.
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