Optogenetic Stimulation Enhanced Neuronal Plasticities in Motor Recovery after Ischemic Stroke

Optogenetic Stimulation Enhanced Neuronal Plasticities in Motor Recovery after Ischemic Stroke
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光遗传学刺激增强缺血性中风后运动恢复中的神经元可塑性

DOI:
10.1155/2019/5271573
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发表时间:
2019-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Xu H
Xu H
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lu CB;Wu XL;Ma HZ;Wang QC;Wang YK;Luo Y;Li C;Xu H

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缺血性卒中后运动能力的恢复涉及神经系统神经连接的动态重建过程。将直接刺激干预与行为训练相结合的各种神经调节策略已经被开发出来,以促进缺血性中风后的运动恢复。然而,由于未明确的神经元亚型的非特异性激活或抑制,这些干预措施的有效性差别很大。光遗传学是一种基于功能和结构连接的方法,能够以较高的精度选择性地激活或抑制特定亚型的神经元,已被广泛应用于建立神经系统的神经元可塑性,这在恢复中风动物模型的运动功能方面显示出巨大的潜力。在这里,我们回顾了缺血性卒中后通过光遗传刺激促进运动恢复的脑可塑性增强的神经生物学机制。确定了几个先前被证明对运动功能康复有效的脑部位和神经回路,这将有助于更多地从图式上理解有效的神经元连接在缺血性卒中后运动功能恢复中的作用。
Motor capability recovery after ischemic stroke involves dynamic remodeling processes of neural connectomes in the nervous system. Various neuromodulatory strategies combining direct stimulating interventions with behavioral trainings for motor recovery after ischemic stroke have been developed. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies widely due to unspecific activation or inhibition of undefined neuronal subtypes. Optogenetics is a functional and structural connection-based approach that can selectively activate or inhibit specific subtype neurons with a higher precision, and it has been widely applied to build up neuronal plasticities of the nervous system, which shows a great potential in restoring motor functions in stroke animal models. Here, we reviewed neurobiological mechanisms of enhanced brain plasticities underlying motor recovery through the optogenetic stimulation after ischemic stroke. Several brain sites and neural circuits that have been previously proven effective for motor function rehabilitation were identified, which would be helpful for a more schematic understanding of effective neuronal connectomes in the motor function recovery after ischemic stroke.
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