The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study.
The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study.
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DOI：
10.3109/10408444.2012.756455
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Schnatter AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold SM;Angerer J;Boogaard PJ;Hughes MF;O'Lone RB;Robison SH;Schnatter AR
制定了一个“共同标准”框架（即一系列问题），为在人类接触和风险评估方面使用和评价生物监测数据提供信息。选择了数据丰富的化学品苯用于案例研究，以评估是否有必要完善共同标准框架，并获得更多的角度来看，将生物监测数据纳入基于风险的背景下的方法。苯的现有数据满足大多数通用标准，并允许对苯生物监测数据进行基于风险的评估。一般来说，生物标志物（血苯、尿苯和尿S-苯巯基尿酸）集中趋势非吸烟者的浓度（即平均值、中位数和几何平均值）等于或低于与美国环境保护署参考浓度对应的预测血液或尿液浓度（30 µg/m3），但高于1 × 10−5过量癌症风险下与空气浓度相关的血液或尿液浓度（2.9 µg/m3）。吸烟者显然有较高的苯暴露水平，非吸烟者的苯生物标志物水平通常与环境空气监测结果一致。虽然苯的一些生物标志物是接触的具体指标，但由于半衰期短和生物标志物与随后的毒性效应之间关系的知识空白等问题，在健康风险背景下对苯生物监测水平的解释变得复杂。
A framework of “Common Criteria” (i.e. a series of questions) has been developed to inform the use and evaluation of biomonitoring data in the context of human exposure and risk assessment. The data-rich chemical benzene was selected for use in a case study to assess whether refinement of the Common Criteria framework was necessary, and to gain additional perspective on approaches for integrating biomonitoring data into a risk-based context. The available data for benzene satisfied most of the Common Criteria and allowed for a risk-based evaluation of the benzene biomonitoring data. In general, biomarker (blood benzene, urinary benzene and urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid) central tendency (i.e. mean, median and geometric mean) concentrations for non-smokers are at or below the predicted blood or urine concentrations that would correspond to exposure at the US Environmental Protection Agency reference concentration (30 µg/m3), but greater than blood or urine concentrations relating to the air concentration at the 1 × 10−5 excess cancer risk (2.9 µg/m3). Smokers clearly have higher levels of benzene exposure, and biomarker levels of benzene for non-smokers are generally consistent with ambient air monitoring results. While some biomarkers of benzene are specific indicators of exposure, the interpretation of benzene biomonitoring levels in a health-risk context are complicated by issues associated with short half-lives and gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between the biomarkers and subsequent toxic effects.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.024
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
6
作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00065-1
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1997-06-09
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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影响因子：
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