A long neglected world malaria map: Plasmodium vivax endemicity in 2010.
A long neglected world malaria map: Plasmodium vivax endemicity in 2010.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001814
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hay SI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gething PW;Elyazar IR;Moyes CL;Smith DL;Battle KE;Guerra CA;Patil AP;Tatem AJ;Howes RE;Myers MF;George DB;Horby P;Wertheim HF;Price RN;Müeller I;Baird JK;Hay SI
目前对间日疟原虫的空间流行病学和地理分布的了解远不如对恶性疟原虫的了解，这是控制和消除的合理策略的障碍。在这里，我们提出了第一个系统的努力，以映射这种迄今为止被忽视的寄生虫的全球地方性。我们首次将之前对间日疟原虫传播地理限制的估计更新至2010年。在稳定传播的地区，收集了1985年至2010年收集的9，970份地理定位间日疟原虫寄生虫率（PvPR）调查，并采用基于时空贝叶斯模型的地统计方法，以估计每5×5 km分辨率网格内1-99岁年龄范围（PvPR 1 -99）的流行性。该模型纳入了达菲阴性表型频率的数据，以抑制地方性预测，特别是在非洲。在整个流行世界，预测流行在一个相对狭窄的范围内，点估计值很少超过7%PvPR 1 -99。美洲占全球间日疟原虫传播风险地区的22%，但高流行地区通常人口稀少，该地区仅占全球25亿风险人口（PAR）的6%。在非洲，达菲阴性意味着稳定的传播仅限于马达加斯加和非洲之角的部分地区，占全球PAR的3.5%。中亚地区占全球PAR的82%，重要的高流行区与人口密集区重合，特别是在印度和缅甸。东南亚包括印度尼西亚和巴布亚新几内亚的地方性最高的地区，占全球PAR的9%。这种空间变化的地方性的详细描述是为了促进急需的范式转变，以地理分层和基于证据的规划，为间日疟原虫的控制和消除。 间日疟原虫是引起人类疟疾的五种寄生虫之一。虽然它在地球仪的更大范围内被发现，并且可能比其更臭名昭著的表亲恶性疟原虫影响更多的人，但它只得到了研究关注和资金的一小部分：大约3%。这种忽视，再加上间日疟生物学固有的更复杂的性质，意味着重要的知识差距仍然存在，限制了我们目前有效控制这种疾病的能力。这种零散的知识正被认为是一个令人担忧的原因，特别是因为全球社会接受消除疟疾的挑战，根据定义，消除疟疾包括间日疟原虫和其他不太常见的疟原虫物种以及恶性疟原虫。特别突出的是缺乏一个基于证据的地图，描述世界不同地区间日疟原虫地方病的强度。事实证明，这种地图对于其他传染病在支持国际政策制定和区域疾病控制规划、实施和监测方面非常重要。在这项研究中，我们提出了第一个系统的努力，以绘制全球流行的间日疟原虫。我们在全球范围内收集了近10，000份调查，其中对社区进行了间日疟原虫感染率的检测。使用空间统计模型和有关环境特征和Duffy阴性（一种预防间日疟原虫的血液疾病）的额外数据，我们估计了风险区域每5×5 km网格中的感染流行水平。由此产生的地图提供了对该疾病的地理模式的新的认识，突出了东南亚和亚马逊河流域的小块地区的最高流行地区，而非洲的流行程度非常低。这种新水平的详细绘图有助于我们更广泛地了解这种重要寄生虫的空间流行病学。
Current understanding of the spatial epidemiology and geographical distribution of Plasmodium vivax is far less developed than that for P. falciparum, representing a barrier to rational strategies for control and elimination. Here we present the first systematic effort to map the global endemicity of this hitherto neglected parasite. We first updated to the year 2010 our earlier estimate of the geographical limits of P. vivax transmission. Within areas of stable transmission, an assembly of 9,970 geopositioned P. vivax parasite rate (PvPR) surveys collected from 1985 to 2010 were used with a spatiotemporal Bayesian model-based geostatistical approach to estimate endemicity age-standardised to the 1–99 year age range (PvPR1–99) within every 5×5 km resolution grid square. The model incorporated data on Duffy negative phenotype frequency to suppress endemicity predictions, particularly in Africa. Endemicity was predicted within a relatively narrow range throughout the endemic world, with the point estimate rarely exceeding 7% PvPR1–99. The Americas contributed 22% of the global area at risk of P. vivax transmission, but high endemic areas were generally sparsely populated and the region contributed only 6% of the 2.5 billion people at risk (PAR) globally. In Africa, Duffy negativity meant stable transmission was constrained to Madagascar and parts of the Horn, contributing 3.5% of global PAR. Central Asia was home to 82% of global PAR with important high endemic areas coinciding with dense populations particularly in India and Myanmar. South East Asia contained areas of the highest endemicity in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea and contributed 9% of global PAR. This detailed depiction of spatially varying endemicity is intended to contribute to a much-needed paradigm shift towards geographically stratified and evidence-based planning for P. vivax control and elimination. Plasmodium vivax is one of five parasites causing malaria in humans. Whilst it is found across a larger swathe of the globe and potentially affects a larger number of people than its more notorious cousin, Plasmodium falciparum, it receives a tiny fraction of the research attention and financing: around 3%. This neglect, coupled with the inherently more complex nature of vivax biology, means important knowledge gaps remain that limit our current ability to control the disease effectively. This patchy knowledge is becoming recognised as a cause for concern, in particular as the global community embraces the challenge of malaria elimination which, by definition, includes P. vivax and the other less common Plasmodium species as well as P. falciparum. Particularly conspicuous is the absence of an evidence-based map describing the intensity of P. vivax endemicity in different parts of the world. Such maps have proved important for other infectious diseases in supporting international policy formulation and regional disease control planning, implementation, and monitoring. In this study we present the first systematic effort to map the global endemicity of P. vivax. We assembled nearly 10,000 surveys worldwide in which communities had been tested for the prevalence of P. vivax infections. Using a spatial statistical model and additional data on environmental characteristics and Duffy negativity, a blood disorder that protects against P. vivax, we estimated the level of infection prevalence in every 5×5 km grid square across areas at risk. The resulting maps provide new insight into the geographical patterns of the disease, highlighting areas of the highest endemicity in South East Asia and small pockets of Amazonia, with very low endemic setting predominating in Africa. This new level of detailed mapping can contribute to a wider shift in our understanding of the spatial epidemiology of this important parasite.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Carlton JM;Sina BJ;Adams JH
通讯作者：
Adams JH
巴西亚马逊地区四个地区的疟疾疟疾患者的达菲血型基因多态性。
影响因子：
3
作者：
Cavasini CE;de Mattos LC;Couto AA;Couto VS;Gollino Y;Moretti LJ;Bonini-Domingos CR;Rossit AR;Castilho L;Machado RL
通讯作者：
Machado RL
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.984
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Barcus, Mazie J.;Basri, Hasan;Baird, J. Kevin
通讯作者：
Baird, J. Kevin
影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Baird, J. Kevin;Surjadjaja, Claudia
通讯作者：
Surjadjaja, Claudia
杀虫剂处理的床网是否比疟原虫感染的蚊子更具保护性对恶性疟原虫？
影响因子：
3
作者：
Bockarie MJ;Dagoro H
通讯作者：
Dagoro H