The Core Promoter Is a Regulatory Hub for Developmental Gene Expression.
The Core Promoter Is a Regulatory Hub for Developmental Gene Expression.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2021.666508
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Juven-Gershon T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sloutskin A;Shir-Shapira H;Freiman RN;Juven-Gershon T
多细胞生物的发展和每个细胞的独特性是通过不同的转录程序实现的。调节基因表达的多个过程会聚在核心启动子区，这是一个80 bp的区域，通过RNA聚合酶II（Pol II）指导准确的转录起始。近年来，已经变得明显的是，核心启动子区域不是被动的DNA组分，而是转录程序的主动调控模块。不同的核心启动子组合物被证明导致不同的转录输出。在这篇小型综述中，我们重点介绍了核心启动子的作用，特别是其下游区域，作为发育基因的调控中心。下游的核心启动子元件（DPE）的进化保守的发育基因调控网络（GRNs）的控制涉及在前-后和背-腹轴的身体计划。值得注意的是，基础转录机制的组成不是通用的，而是启动子依赖性的，突出了专门的转录复合物及其核心启动子靶序列作为驱动后生动物物种胚胎发育，分化和形态发生的关键枢纽的重要性。特异性增强子的转录激活程度取决于其与相关核心启动子的相容性。核心启动子的含量也调节转录爆发的大小。总体而言，虽然多年来人们认为基因表达的特异性主要由增强子决定，但现在很清楚，核心启动子区在发育基因表达的复杂网络中包含重要的调控模块。
The development of multicellular organisms and the uniqueness of each cell are achieved by distinct transcriptional programs. Multiple processes that regulate gene expression converge at the core promoter region, an 80 bp region that directs accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). In recent years, it has become apparent that the core promoter region is not a passive DNA component, but rather an active regulatory module of transcriptional programs. Distinct core promoter compositions were demonstrated to result in different transcriptional outputs. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of the core promoter, particularly its downstream region, as the regulatory hub for developmental genes. The downstream core promoter element (DPE) was implicated in the control of evolutionarily conserved developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) governing body plan in both the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. Notably, the composition of the basal transcription machinery is not universal, but rather promoter-dependent, highlighting the importance of specialized transcription complexes and their core promoter target sequences as key hubs that drive embryonic development, differentiation and morphogenesis across metazoan species. The extent of transcriptional activation by a specific enhancer is dependent on its compatibility with the relevant core promoter. The core promoter content also regulates transcription burst size. Overall, while for many years it was thought that the specificity of gene expression is primarily determined by enhancers, it is now clear that the core promoter region comprises an important regulatory module in the intricate networks of developmental gene expression.
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