The Evolution and Variety of RFamide-Type Neuropeptides: Insights from Deuterostomian Invertebrates.

The Evolution and Variety of RFamide-Type Neuropeptides: Insights from Deuterostomian Invertebrates.
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DOI:
10.3389/fendo.2014.00093
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Mirabeau O
Mirabeau O
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elphick MR;Mirabeau O

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已在脊椎动物中鉴定出具有C-末端RF酰胺基序的五个神经肽家族:(1)促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH)、(2)神经肽FF(NPFF)、(3)焦谷氨酰化RF酰胺肽(QRFP)、(4)催乳素释放肽(PrRP)和(5)Kisspeptin。结合基因组和/或转录组序列数据的综合分析的神经肽受体配对的实验证明表明,除了后口类PrRP系统,这些神经肽的进化起源可以追溯到共同的祖先bilaterians。在这里,我们回顾了同源的脊椎动物RFamide型神经肽及其受体的发生在后口无脊椎动物-尾索动物,头索动物,半索动物,棘皮动物。对其他双侧神经肽家族中RFamide基序的存在的扩展分析揭示了在脊椎动物谱系中获得修饰的C-末端特征的RFamide型肽(例如,NPY/NPF),其中RF酰胺基序对于原口动物成员是独特的神经肽家族(例如,CCK/磺胺激肽)和在脊椎动物谱系中丢失的RFamide型肽(例如,luqins)。此外,RF酰胺基序也是具有更有限的系统发育分布的神经肽家族的特征(例如,原口动物中的原型FMRFamide相关神经肽)。因此,RF酰胺基序既是神经肽的古老特征,又是神经肽的收敛特征,该基序的保存、获得或丢失发生在动物王国的不同分支中。
Five families of neuropeptides that have a C-terminal RFamide motif have been identified in vertebrates: (1) gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), (2) neuropeptide FF (NPFF), (3) pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP), (4) prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), and (5) Kisspeptin. Experimental demonstration of neuropeptide–receptor pairings combined with comprehensive analysis of genomic and/or transcriptomic sequence data indicate that, with the exception of the deuterostomian PrRP system, the evolutionary origins of these neuropeptides can be traced back to the common ancestor of bilaterians. Here, we review the occurrence of homologs of vertebrate RFamide-type neuropeptides and their receptors in deuterostomian invertebrates – urochordates, cephalochordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms. Extending analysis of the occurrence of the RFamide motif in other bilaterian neuropeptide families reveals RFamide-type peptides that have acquired modified C-terminal characteristics in the vertebrate lineage (e.g., NPY/NPF), neuropeptide families where the RFamide motif is unique to protostomian members (e.g., CCK/sulfakinins), and RFamide-type peptides that have been lost in the vertebrate lineage (e.g., luqins). Furthermore, the RFamide motif is also a feature of neuropeptide families with a more restricted phylogenetic distribution (e.g., the prototypical FMRFamide-related neuropeptides in protostomes). Thus, the RFamide motif is both an ancient and a convergent feature of neuropeptides, with conservation, acquisition, or loss of this motif occurring in different branches of the animal kingdom.
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