Impulsivity and response inhibition in alcohol dependence and problem gambling.
Impulsivity and response inhibition in alcohol dependence and problem gambling.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-009-1645-x
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Clark, Luke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lawrence, Andrew J.;Luty, Jason;Bogdan, Nadine A.;Sahakian, Barbara J.;Clark, Luke
冲动是药物成瘾的一个核心特征，可能是抑制控制受损的结果。由于药物暴露或与先前存在的成瘾脆弱性相关而导致的抑制缺陷的程度尚不清楚。这项研究比较了门诊酒精依赖患者 (n = 23) 和问题赌博 (n = 21) 的冲动测量，问题赌博是一种假定的行为成瘾，其中药物暴露的直接影响可能很小。还以横断面设计对健康对照（n = 27）进行了测试。受试者完成了停止信号测试，作为反应抑制的神经认知探针，同时对冲动、成人多动症和强迫症进行自我报告评级。在停止信号测试中，与健康对照组相比，酒精依赖组的 Go 反应时间和停止信号反应时间明显更慢。在成功和失败的停止试验后，健康对照者的反应速度会减慢。在酒精依赖受试者中，停止试验失败后的减速明显减弱。在酒精依赖受试者中，围棋反应时间和错误后减慢分别与长期性和严重性相关。尽管冲动等级的特征有所提高，但在停止信号测试中，问题赌徒与对照组并没有显着差异。抑制控制在酒精依赖中受损，但发生在精神运动减慢的情况下。此外，酒精依赖者在停止失败后未能表现出行为调整。这些缺陷可能代表长期饮酒对额纹状体回路的直接影响。
Impulsivity is a central feature of drug addiction and may arise as a result of impaired inhibitory control. The extent to which inhibitory deficits arise as a consequence of drug exposure or relate to pre-existing addiction vulnerability is unknown. This study compared measures of impulsivity in outpatients with alcohol dependence (n = 23) and problem gambling (n = 21), a putative behavioural addiction where direct effects of drug exposure may be minimal. Healthy controls (n = 27) were also tested, in a cross-sectional design. Subjects completed the stop-signal test as a neurocognitive probe of response inhibition, alongside self-report ratings of impulsivity, adult ADHD and OCD. On the stop-signal test, Go reaction time and stop-signal reaction time were significantly slower in the alcohol-dependent group, compared with healthy controls. Healthy controls slowed their responding after successful and failed stop trials. Slowing after failed stop trials was significantly attenuated in the alcohol-dependent subjects. Go reaction time and post-error slowing were correlated with chronicity and severity, respectively, in the alcohol-dependent subjects. Problem gamblers did not differ significantly from controls on the stop-signal test, despite trait elevations in impulsivity ratings. Inhibitory control is impaired in alcohol dependence but occurs in the context of psychomotor slowing. In addition, alcohol-dependent individuals failed to show behavioral adjustment following failed stops. These deficits may represent direct effects of chronic alcohol administration on fronto-striatal circuitry.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Clark, L;Roiser, JP;Robbins, TW
通讯作者：
Robbins, TW
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Blaszczynski, A
通讯作者：
Blaszczynski, A
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Chambers, CD;Bellgrove, MA;Mattingley, JB
通讯作者：
Mattingley, JB
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Blanco, Carlos;Potenza, Marc N.;Grant, Jon E.
通讯作者：
Grant, Jon E.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Breyer, Jessie L.;Botzet, Andria M.;Winters, Ken C.;Stinchfield, Randy D.;August, Gerald;Realmuto, George
通讯作者：
Realmuto, George