Fluorescent nucleobases as tools for studying DNA and RNA.

Fluorescent nucleobases as tools for studying DNA and RNA.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchem.2859
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发表时间:
2017-11
期刊:
影响因子:
21.8
通讯作者:
Kool ET
Kool ET
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu W;Chan KM;Kool ET

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了解生物学中DNA和RNA的动态结构和功能的多样性需要能够选择性地密切探测这些生物分子的工具。合成的荧光核碱基可以与它们的天然对应物一起掺入核酸中,已经成为一类强大的位置和环境分子报告物。它们使人们对DNA和RNA有了新的基本认识,并促进了广泛的具有化学、生物和生物医学应用的新技术。在这篇综述中,我们将简要介绍荧光核碱基的发展历史,并探讨它们作为解决生物物理学,生物化学和核酸生物学问题的工具的实用性。我们提供了这些化合物的两个主要类别的化学见解:规范和非规范的核碱基。逐点讨论这两种类型的荧光核碱基的优点和缺点,沿着展望未来的挑战和前景,这一新兴领域。
Understanding the diversity of dynamic structures and functions of DNA and RNA in biology requires tools that can selectively and intimately probe these biomolecules. Synthetic fluorescent nucleobases that can be incorporated into nucleic acids alongside their natural counterparts have emerged as a powerful class of molecular reporters of location and environment. They are enabling new basic insights into DNA and RNA, and are facilitating a broad range of new technologies with chemical, biological and biomedical applications. In this Review, we will present a brief history of the development of fluorescent nucleobases and explore their utility as tools for addressing questions in biophysics, biochemistry and biology of nucleic acids. We provide chemical insights into the two main classes of these compounds: canonical and non-canonical nucleobases. A point-by-point discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of both types of fluorescent nucleobases is made, along with a perspective into the future challenges and outlook for this burgeoning field.
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