Extreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel: Understanding storm development over the Damergou gap using convection‐permitting simulations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Extreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel: Understanding storm development over the Damergou gap using convection‐permitting simulations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model
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西非萨赫勒地区的极端降雨事件:利用对流了解达梅尔古间隙的风暴发展——允许在天气研究和预报模型中进行模拟

DOI:
10.1002/qj.4443
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Cook, Kerry H.
Cook, Kerry H.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vizy, Edward K.;Cook, Kerry H.

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西非萨赫勒地区的极端降雨事件可能会产生影响,但我们并不完全理解为什么会发生这样的风暴。在这里,我们利用美国宇航局长期综合多卫星检索全球降水测量(IMERG)降雨估计,各种大气再分析,天气研究和预报(WRF)对流允许模拟,以进一步研究区域/当地条件,导致尼日尔/尼日利亚Damergou Gap的两个极端事件的发展。2019年8月20日尼日尔中部的事件与一条向西移动的对流线的通过有关。尼日尔东部上空的一个强热低压通过增加大气湿度和垂直风切变来预先调节环境。下午对流在接近线前方较高地形上产生的冷池流出边界增强了沿着的辐合,同时减缓了系统的移动速度,导致该地区降雨强度更高,持续时间更长。2001年7月19日,尼日利亚北方的天气事件在下午的乔斯高原上产生降雨。几内亚高地脊与尼日尔/乍得上空的低气压相结合,产生了一个强烈的低层高度梯度,这与一股强大的西南气流激增的发展有关,该气流将热带湿气输送到该地区。这一浪潮与萨赫勒-热带非洲干线向赤道方向的迁移相互作用,增强了乔斯高原北部的辐合和对流。我们的研究结果表明,虽然Damergou Gap的极端降雨可能发生在非常潮湿的环境中,但它不一定与高度不稳定的环境(例如,对流有效位能[CAPE] > 2,500 J·kg−1)。此外,与其他对流区产生的冷池流出边界的相互作用很重要,局部地形特征对这些对流区的发展有影响。
Extreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel can be impactful, yet we do not completely understand why such storms develop. Here, we utilize NASA long‐term Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global precipitation measurement (IMERG) rainfall estimates, various atmospheric reanalyses, and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) convection‐permitting simulations to further examine the regional/local conditions that led to the development of two extreme events over the Damergou Gap of Niger/Nigeria identified in a prior study. The August 20, 2019 central Niger event is associated with the passage of a westward‐moving convective line. A strong thermal low over eastern Niger preconditions the environment by increasing the atmospheric moisture and vertical wind shear. Cold‐pool outflow boundaries generated from afternoon convection over the higher terrain ahead of the approaching line enhances convergence along the line while slowing down the system's movement, resulting in higher‐intensity rainfall for a longer time over the region. The July 19, 2001 northern Nigerian event has rainfall developing over the Jos Plateau in the afternoon. Guinean Highland ridging combined with low pressure over Niger/Chad produces a strong low‐level height gradient associated with the development of a strong southwesterly flow surge that transports tropical moisture into the region. This surge interacts with the equatorward migration of the Sahel–tropical Africa dryline, enhancing the convergence and convection north of the Jos Plateau. Our results indicate that while extreme rainfall in the Damergou Gap is likely to occur in anomalously moist environments, it is not necessarily associated with highly unstable environments (e.g., convective available potential energy [CAPE] >2,500 J·kg−1). Furthermore, interactions with cold‐pool outflow boundaries generated from other convective areas is important, and local terrain features are influential in the development of such convective areas.
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊:
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作者:
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DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-11-00330.1
发表时间: 2012
影响因子: 3.2
作者:
A. Laing;S. Trier;C. Davis
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DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-19-0115.1
发表时间: 2019-10-01
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Coffer, Brice E.;Parker, Matthew D.;Jewell, Ryan E.
通讯作者: Jewell, Ryan E.
DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027850
发表时间: 2018
期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子: --
作者:
Yang, Long;Smith, James
通讯作者: Smith, James
中尺度对流系统的形成、特征和变化性质
DOI: 10.1038/s43017-020-0057-7
发表时间: 2020
影响因子: 42.1
作者:
Schumacher, Russ S.;Rasmussen, Kristen L.
通讯作者: Rasmussen, Kristen L.