Activities and Programs That Improve Children's Executive Functions.
Activities and Programs That Improve Children's Executive Functions.
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721412453722
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Diamond A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diamond A
执行功能(EFS；例如，推理、工作记忆和自我控制)可以改善。事实上，这是个好消息，因为EFS对于学校和工作的成功以及心理和身体健康都至关重要。各种活动似乎都能改善儿童的EFS。最好的证据存在于基于计算机的培训、传统武术和两种学校课程。较弱的证据，尽管足以通过同行审查，但存在于有氧运动、瑜伽、正念和其他学校课程中。在这里，我阐述了到目前为止从研究中可以学到的东西，包括随着儿童的进步，需要逐步挑战EFS，反复练习是关键。儿童将时间和精力投入到他们喜欢的活动上；因此，EF干预可能会利用儿童的动机。仅仅专注于EFS或有氧运动在改善EFS方面似乎并不像解决儿童的情感、社交和性格发展问题那样有效(武术、瑜伽和课程被证明可以改善EFS)。EFS较差的儿童从培训中受益更多；因此，培训可能为他们提供一个“赶上”同龄人的机会，而不是落在后面。剩下的问题包括EF培训的好处持续多长时间，以及谁从哪些活动中受益最多。
Executive functions (EFs; e.g., reasoning, working memory, and self-control) can be improved. Good news indeed, since EFs are critical for school and job success and for mental and physical health. Various activities appear to improve children’s EFs. The best evidence exists for computer-based training, traditional martial arts, and two school curricula. Weaker evidence, though strong enough to pass peer review, exists for aerobics, yoga, mindfulness, and other school curricula. Here I address what can be learned from the research thus far, including that EFs need to be progressively challenged as children improve and that repeated practice is key. Children devote time and effort to activities they love; therefore, EF interventions might use children’s motivation to advantage. Focusing narrowly on EFs or aerobic activity alone appears not to be as efficacious in improving EFs as also addressing children’s emotional, social, and character development (as do martial arts, yoga, and curricula shown to improve EFs). Children with poorer EFs benefit more from training; hence, training might provide them an opportunity to “catch up” with their peers and not be left behind. Remaining questions include how long benefits of EF training last and who benefits most from which activities.
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推理，学习和创造力：额叶功能和人类决策。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Collins A;Koechlin E
通讯作者：
Koechlin E
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.94.2.214
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Hirt, Edward R.;Devers, Erin E.;McCrea, Sean M.
通讯作者：
McCrea, Sean M.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Christoff, K;Ream, JM;Gabrieli, JDE
通讯作者：
Gabrieli, JDE
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1412.011
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
SOCIAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bailey, Charles E.
通讯作者：
Bailey, Charles E.
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1393.001
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
LONGEVITY, REGENERATION, AND OPTIMAL HEALTH: INTEGRATING EASTERN AND WESTEN PERSPECTIVES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ericsson, K. Anders;Nandagopal, Kiruthiga;Roring, Roy W.
通讯作者：
Roring, Roy W.