Livestock ownership and microbial contamination of drinking-water: Evidence from nationally representative household surveys in Ghana, Nepal and Bangladesh.
Livestock ownership and microbial contamination of drinking-water: Evidence from nationally representative household surveys in Ghana, Nepal and Bangladesh.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.09.014
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Wright JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wardrop NA;Hill AG;Dzodzomenyo M;Aryeetey G;Wright JA
拥有牲畜会增加饮用水污染的风险。在加纳和孟加拉国，大型牲畜与水污染有关。在孟加拉国，家禽与饮用水污染有关。在尼泊尔，牲畜与水污染没有明显的相关性。为了防止水污染，应考虑使用牲畜排泄物。目前预防腹泻病的优先事项包括使用卫生设施和安全饮用水。尽管动物粪便中存在潜在的水媒人畜共患病病原体，但很少有人尝试量化动物粪便在饮用水污染中的重要性。这项研究旨在量化牲畜所有权和消费点饮用水污染之间的关系。使用了尼泊尔、孟加拉国和加纳具有全国代表性的家庭调查数据，每个调查都有相关的水质评估。对混杂因素进行多项回归校正，评估家畜所有权与饮用水受大肠杆菌污染程度之间的关系。拥有五头或五头以上大型牲畜(例如牛)与加纳的饮用水污染显著相关(RRR=77.9，95%CI=31.6至38.9，中度污染为1-31cfu/100毫升；RRR=55.2，95%CI=91.1-24.5，重度污染为>；31cfu/100毫升)和孟加拉国(RRR=22.4，95%CI=61.3-4.5，中度污染不显著)。在孟加拉国，拥有八只或八只以上家禽(鸡、珍珠鸡、鸭子或火鸡)与饮用水污染有关(RRR=11.5，95%CI=61.1-2.0，对于高污染水平则不显著)。这些结果表明，牲畜所有权是饮水点饮用水污染的一个重要风险因素。这表明，解决人类卫生问题而不考虑牲畜来源的粪便污染，将不足以防止饮用水污染。
Owning livestock can increase the risk of drinking-water contamination. Large livestock were associated with water contamination in Ghana and Bangladesh. Poultry were associated with drinking-water contamination in Bangladesh. Livestock were not significantly correlated with water contamination in Nepal. Livestock excreta should be considered for the prevention of water contamination. Current priorities for diarrhoeal disease prevention include use of sanitation and safe water. There have been few attempts to quantify the importance of animal faeces in drinking-water contamination, despite the presence of potentially water-borne zoonotic pathogens in animal faeces. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between livestock ownership and point-of-consumption drinking-water contamination. Data from nationally representative household surveys in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Ghana, each with associated water quality assessments, were used. Multinomial regression adjusting for confounders was applied to assess the relationship between livestock ownership and the level of drinking-water contamination with E. coli. Ownership of five or more large livestock (e.g. cattle) was significantly associated with drinking-water contamination in Ghana (RRR = 7.9, 95% CI = 1.6 to 38.9 for medium levels of contamination with 1–31cfu/100 ml; RRR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.1–24.5 for high levels of contamination with >31cfu/100 ml) and Bangladesh (RRR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.3–4.5 for medium levels of contamination; non-significant for high levels of contamination). Ownership of eight or more poultry (chickens, guinea fowl, ducks or turkeys) was associated with drinking-water contamination in Bangladesh (RRR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.0 for medium levels of contamination, non-significant for high levels of contamination). These results suggest that livestock ownership is a significant risk factor for the contamination of drinking-water at the point of consumption. This indicates that addressing human sanitation without consideration of faecal contamination from livestock sources will not be sufficient to prevent drinking-water contamination.
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.14-0824
发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Jenkins MW
DOI：
10.1111/tmi.12329
发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
影响因子：
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Cairncross S
影响因子：
3.3
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168.9
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15.8
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