Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal.
Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal.
复制标题
DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00390
复制
发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Schulz K
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hildebrandt T;Heywood A;Wesley D;Schulz K
Synthetic androgens (i. e., anabolic-androgenic steroids) are the primary component to the majority of problematic appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) use. Despite evidence that these substances are associated with increased risk for aggression, violence, body image disturbances, and polypharmacy and can develop a pattern of chronic use consistent with drug dependence, there are no formal definitions of androgen intoxication. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to establish a testable theory of androgen intoxication. We present evidence and theorize that synthetic androgen intoxication can be defined by a pattern of poor self-regulation characterized by increased propensity for a range of behaviors (e.g., aggression, sex, drug seeking, exercise, etc.) via androgen mediated effects on general brain arousal. This theory posits that androgens reduce threshold for emotional reactivity, motor response, and alertness to sensory stimuli and disrupt inhibitory control over the behaviors associated with synthetic androgen use. These changes result from alteration to basic neurocircuitry that amplifies limbic activation and reduces top-down cortical control. The implications for this definition are to inform APED specific hypotheses about the behavioral and psychological effects of APED use and provide a basis for establishing clinical, legal, and public health guidelines to address the use and misuse of these substances.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.06.005
发表时间:
2015-02
影响因子:
4.7
作者:
Bondesson, Maria;Hao, Ruixin;Lin, Chin-Yo;Williams, Cecilia;Gustafsson, Jan-Ake
通讯作者:
Gustafsson, Jan-Ake
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.12.010
发表时间:
2010-10
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子:
--
作者:
Charlier TD;Cornil CA;Ball GF;Balthazart J
通讯作者:
Balthazart J
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
Abbate, V.;Kicman, A. T.;Walker, C. J.
通讯作者:
Walker, C. J.
影响因子:
2.5
作者:
Ambar, G.;Chiavegatto, S.
通讯作者:
Chiavegatto, S.
影响因子:
1.5
作者:
Anderson, Laura Jane;Flynn, Asher;Pilgrim, Jennifer Lucinda
通讯作者:
Pilgrim, Jennifer Lucinda