Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Theory of Mind predicts collective intelligence equally well online and face-to-face.
Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Theory of Mind predicts collective intelligence equally well online and face-to-face.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0115212
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Malone TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engel D;Woolley AW;Jing LX;Chabris CF;Malone TW
最近对面对面小组的研究发现，一种衡量集体效率的指标(称为“集体智力”)可以预测一组人在各种不同任务上的表现。同一项研究还发现，集体智力与个体群体成员对他人心理状态进行推理的能力相关(这种能力被称为“心理理论”或“心理理论”)。由于汤姆在这项工作中是通过一项测试来衡量汤姆的，该测试要求参与者通过看别人的眼睛来“读懂”他人的精神状态(“用眼睛读心思”测试)，因此还不确定在没有这些视觉线索的在线小组中是否会出现同样的结果。我们在这里发现：(1)集体智力因素对在线群体的集体智力表现的影响与对面对面群体的群体表现大致相同；(2)令人惊讶的是，TOM测量在面对面和在线群体中对集体智力的预测是一样的，即使在线群体只通过文本交流，根本不见面。这提供了强有力的证据，证明在有限的非语言提示的在线环境中，TOM能力对团队表现的重要性与面对面一样重要。它还表明，用眼睛读心测试衡量的是更深层次的、与领域无关的社会推理，而不仅仅是识别精神状态的面部表情的能力。
Recent research with face-to-face groups found that a measure of general group effectiveness (called “collective intelligence”) predicted a group’s performance on a wide range of different tasks. The same research also found that collective intelligence was correlated with the individual group members’ ability to reason about the mental states of others (an ability called “Theory of Mind” or “ToM”). Since ToM was measured in this work by a test that requires participants to “read” the mental states of others from looking at their eyes (the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test), it is uncertain whether the same results would emerge in online groups where these visual cues are not available. Here we find that: (1) a collective intelligence factor characterizes group performance approximately as well for online groups as for face-to-face groups; and (2) surprisingly, the ToM measure is equally predictive of collective intelligence in both face-to-face and online groups, even though the online groups communicate only via text and never see each other at all. This provides strong evidence that ToM abilities are just as important to group performance in online environments with limited nonverbal cues as they are face-to-face. It also suggests that the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test measures a deeper, domain-independent aspect of social reasoning, not merely the ability to recognize facial expressions of mental states.
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