Area-level socioeconomic deprivation, nitrogen dioxide exposure, and term birth weight in New York City.
Area-level socioeconomic deprivation, nitrogen dioxide exposure, and term birth weight in New York City.
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纽约市地区社会经济贫困、二氧化氮暴露和足月出生体重。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.019
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Clougherty,JaneE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shmool,JessieLC;Bobb,JenniferF;Ito,Kazuhiko;Elston,Beth;Savitz,DavidA;Ross,Zev;Matte,ThomasD;Johnson,Sarah;Dominici,Francesca;Clougherty,JaneE
许多研究将空气污染与不良出生结果联系起来，但相对较少研究社会经济梯度的差异关联。为了评估妊娠期二氧化氮（NO2）和区域社会经济剥夺对胎儿生长的相互作用，我们使用了：（1）来自纽约市社区空气调查（NYCCAS）的高度空间分辨的空气污染数据;（2）对以前与出生结果相关的人口普查变量进行空间分层主成分分析，以定义区域社会经济剥夺。纽约市（NYC）医院2008-2010年的出生记录仅限于非吸烟母亲的足月单胎分娩（n= 243，853）。我们使用广义加法混合模型来研究二氧化氮（NO2）和剥夺类别对出生体重的潜在非线性相互作用（以及估计的线性关联，用于比较），调整个人水平的社会人口特征和敏感性测试调整共污染物暴露。估计NO2暴露量最高，最不同的，在母亲居住在最富裕的人口普查区，和最低的母亲居住在中等范围的贫困区。在非线性模型中，我们发现NO2和出生体重在最贫困和最贫困地区（p值分别<0.001和0.05）之间呈负相关，但在中等贫困地区（p=0.8）没有相关性。同样，在线性模型中，NO2增加10 ppb与最贫困和最贫困地区母亲的出生体重下降-16.2 g相关（95% CI：−21.9至−10.5）和−11.0 g（95% CI：-22.8至0.9），而中间范围区域无显著变化[β=0.5 g（95% CI：-7.7至8.7）]。剥夺最多和最少的四分位数的线性斜率与中间范围（参考组）不同（p值分别<0.001和0.09）。然而，纽约市空气污染暴露和剥夺的复杂模式排除了对出生体重相互影响的简单解释，并强调了考虑空气污染浓度差异分布的重要性，以及在不同剥夺水平下易感性的潜在差异。
Numerous studies have linked air pollution with adverse birth outcomes, but relatively few have examined differential associations across the socioeconomic gradient. To evaluate interaction effects of gestational nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and area-level socioeconomic deprivation on fetal growth, we used: (1) highly spatially-resolved air pollution data from the New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS); and (2) spatially-stratified principle component analysis of census variables previously associated with birth outcomes to define area-level deprivation. New York City (NYC) hospital birth records for years 2008–2010 were restricted to full-term, singleton births to non-smoking mothers (n=243,853). We used generalized additive mixed models to examine the potentially non-linear interaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and deprivation categories on birth weight (and estimated linear associations, for comparison), adjusting for individual-level socio-demographic characteristics and sensitivity testing adjustment for co-pollutant exposures. Estimated NO2exposures were highest, and most varying, among mothers residing in the most-affluent census tracts, and lowest among mothers residing in mid-range deprivation tracts. In non-linear models, we found an inverse association between NO2and birth weight in the least-deprived and most-deprived areas (p-values<0.001 and 0.05, respectively) but no association in the mid-range of deprivation (p=0.8). Likewise, in linear models, a 10 ppb increase in NO2was associated with a decrease in birth weight among mothers in the least-deprived and most-deprived areas of −16.2 g (95% CI: −21.9 to −10.5) and −11.0 g (95% CI: −22.8 to 0.9), respectively, and a non-significant change in the mid-range areas [β=0.5 g (95% CI: −7.7 to 8.7)]. Linear slopes in the most- and least-deprived quartiles differed from the mid-range (reference group) (p-values<0.001 and 0.09, respectively). The complex patterning in air pollution exposure and deprivation in NYC, however, precludes simple interpretation of interactive effects on birth weight, and highlights the importance of considering differential distributions of air pollution concentrations, and potential differences in susceptibility, across deprivation levels.
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