The impact of long-term exposure to space environment on adult mammalian organisms: a study on mouse thyroid and testis.
The impact of long-term exposure to space environment on adult mammalian organisms: a study on mouse thyroid and testis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0035418
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ambesi-Impiombato FS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masini MA;Albi E;Barmo C;Bonfiglio T;Bruni L;Canesi L;Cataldi S;Curcio F;D'Amora M;Ferri I;Goto K;Kawano F;Lazzarini R;Loreti E;Nakai N;Ohira T;Ohira Y;Palmero S;Prato P;Ricci F;Scarabelli L;Shibaguchi T;Spelat R;Strollo F;Ambesi-Impiombato FS
人类在太空飞行过程中的荷尔蒙变化已经得到证实，但其潜在的机制仍不清楚。为了阐明这一点，对长期暴露在太空中的雄性C57BL/10小鼠(野生型或多营养素转基因)过表达成骨细胞刺激因子-1的甲状腺和睾丸/附睾部进行了分析。对腺体进行形态和功能分析。在甲状腺中，测量甲状腺细胞和胶体之间的体积比。研究了10−7M和10−8M促甲状腺激素处理的标本中cAMP的产生。用免疫印迹法对促甲状腺激素受体和小窝蛋白-1进行定量，用免疫荧光法进行定位。在暴露在太空中的动物中，基础和促甲状腺激素刺激的cAMP产量总是更高。此外，甲状腺滤泡的结构更加整齐，促甲状腺激素受体和小窝蛋白-1过表达。与对照样品不同的是，在空间样品中，促甲状腺激素受体和小窝蛋白-1都在细胞内连接处观察到，这表明它们在特定的细胞膜微域中相互作用。3-β-类固醇脱氢酶免疫荧光反应，逆转录-聚合酶链式反应定量激素受体和白介素1β的相对表达。统计附睾精子数。在暴露于太空的动物中，3β和17β类固醇脱氢酶的存在减少。此外，雄激素和卵泡刺激素受体的表达增加，而促黄体激素受体的水平没有受到影响。白介素1β表达上调。航天小鼠附睾管结构发生改变，精子数量显著减少(约.−90%与实验室和地面对照)，这表明空间环境可能导致生精小管退行性变化。太空引起的甲状腺和睾丸/附睾结构和功能的改变可能是人类在航天任务中激素水平变化的原因。需要更多的研究，希望是MDS的反射，以确定空间环境是否直接作用于外周腺体，或诱导下距骨-垂体-腺体轴的变化。
Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis. In thyroids, volumetric ratios between thyrocytes and colloid were measured. cAMP production in 10−7M and 10−8M thyrotropin-treated samples was studied. Thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were quantitized by immunoblotting and localized by immunofluorescence. In space-exposed animals, both basal and thyrotropin-stimulated cAMP production were always higher. Also, the structure of thyroid follicles appeared more organized, while thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were overexpressed. Unlike the control samples, in the space samples thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were both observed at the intracellular junctions, suggesting their interaction in specific cell membrane microdomains. In testes, immunofluorescent reaction for 3β- steroid dehydrogenase was performed and the relative expressions of hormone receptors and interleukin-1β were quantified by RT-PCR. Epididymal sperm number was counted. In space-exposed animals, the presence of 3β and 17β steroid dehydrogenase was reduced. Also, the expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors increased while lutenizing hormone receptor levels were not affected. The interleukin 1 β expression was upregulated. The tubular architecture was altered and the sperm cell number was significantly reduced in spaceflight mouse epididymis (approx. −90% vs. laboratory and ground controls), indicating that the space environment may lead to degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Space-induced changes of structure and function of thyroid and testis/epididymis could be responsible for variations of hormone levels in human during space missions. More research, hopefully a reflight of MDS, would be needed to establish whether the space environment acts directly on the peripheral glands or induces changes in the hypotalamus-pituitary-glandular axis.
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