The evolutionary origins of modularity.

The evolutionary origins of modularity.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2012.2863
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发表时间:
2013-03-22
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lipson H
Lipson H
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clune J;Mouret JB;Lipson H

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一个核心的生物学问题是自然生物体是如何进化的(能够快速适应新环境)。可进化性的一个关键驱动因素是生物网络的广泛模块化——它们的组织是功能性的、稀疏连接的亚单位——但是对于模块化本身为什么进化并没有达成共识。尽管大多数假设都假设了间接选择的可进化性,但在这里,我们证明了无处不在的直接选择压力,以减少网络节点之间的连接成本,导致了模块化网络的出现。与只选择性能的控制实验相比,具有选择压力以最大化网络性能和最小化连接成本的计算进化实验产生的网络明显更加模块化和更具可进化性。这些结果将促进许多学科的研究,如神经科学和遗传学,并增强我们为工程目的利用进化的能力。
A central biological question is how natural organisms are so evolvable (capable of quickly adapting to new environments). A key driver of evolvability is the widespread modularity of biological networks—their organization as functional, sparsely connected subunits—but there is no consensus regarding why modularity itself evolved. Although most hypotheses assume indirect selection for evolvability, here we demonstrate that the ubiquitous, direct selection pressure to reduce the cost of connections between network nodes causes the emergence of modular networks. Computational evolution experiments with selection pressures to maximize network performance and minimize connection costs yield networks that are significantly more modular and more evolvable than control experiments that only select for performance. These results will catalyse research in numerous disciplines, such as neuroscience and genetics, and enhance our ability to harness evolution for engineering purposes.
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