Why have neurogenesis in adult olfactory systems? The Presidential Symposium at the 2006 AChemS Conference.
Why have neurogenesis in adult olfactory systems? The Presidential Symposium at the 2006 AChemS Conference.
复制标题
为什么成人嗅觉系统有神经发生？
DOI：
10.1093/chemse/bjm011
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Derby,CharlesD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derby,CharlesD
2006年4月29日，在化学感受科学协会第28届年会上，总统研讨会的主题是“为什么成人嗅觉系统中有神经发生？”这篇介绍性的论文加上以下3篇论文都来自于那次研讨会上提出的科学。长期以来，人们都知道细胞增殖发生在成年动物中。它发生在许多组织中，包括表皮和肠内层，其中它在正常暴露于恶劣环境的组织的周转和修复中起作用。多年来，细胞增殖被认为是缺乏成年动物的神经系统。直到20世纪60年代，放射性标记的分子越来越多地用于生物学研究之前，这是一个普遍的教条。这包括氚标记的胸苷，其可用于标记细胞周期S期的细胞。这提供了一个方便和可靠的细胞复制其DNA的标记，至少在许多情况下，因此在有丝分裂过程中。这种方法允许Altman及其同事在20世纪60年代声称成年啮齿动物大脑中的神经发生（例如，Altman和Das 1966; Altman 1969）。这些说法受到了怀疑、热情和冷漠的对待，直到后来的研究使用相同和新的技术复制并扩展了他们的发现，它们才得到充分的赞赏。现在，有了非放射性标记的DNA复制标记物，如溴脱氧尿苷和在细胞周期不同阶段特异性表达的分子的抗体，识别组织中的细胞分裂相对简单和普遍，并导致成年动物大脑中神经发生的演示，代表了令人印象深刻的系统发育范围。虽然成年神经发生在成年脊椎动物的脑中广泛存在，包括主要脊椎动物的代表-板鳃类，硬骨鱼，两栖动物，爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物-它仅限于很少的脑区域。最被认为是成年神经发生部位的两个脊椎动物脑区是脑室下区/嗅球和海马的齿状回。成年哺乳动物大脑中的其他区域，包括皮质，也有神经发生的报道，但这个话题还在争论中。成年神经发生发生在脊椎动物以外的其他动物群体中，最明显的是一些昆虫和甲壳类动物。与脊椎动物一样，在这些动物中，成年神经发生仅发生在神经系统的有限部分，并且通常与嗅觉有关。在昆虫中，它发生在蘑菇体中，蘑菇体是含有称为凯尼恩细胞的内在中间神经元的大型神经柱。凯尼恩细胞是更高级的多模式整合器，它们从触角叶（昆虫的主要嗅觉神经丘）接收最显著的输入。在甲壳类动物中，成年神经发生主要发生在大脑的两个部分：嗅叶和视叶。神经发生不仅发生在脑中，而且发生在许多动物的外周嗅觉系统中，包括脊椎动物、甲壳类动物和蜗牛。
The topic of the Presidential Symposium at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences, on 29 April 2006, was ‘‘Why Have Neurogenesis in Adult Olfactory Systems?’’This introductory paper plus the following 3 papers arose from the science presented in that symposium. Cell proliferation has long been known to occur in adult animals. It occurs in many tissues, including the epidermis and intestinal lining wherein it functions in the turnover and repair of tissue normally exposed to harsh environments. For many years, cell proliferation was thought to be absent from the nervous system of adult animals. This was the prevailing dogma until the 1960s, when radiolabeled molecules became more available for biological studies. This included tritiated thymidine, which could be used to label cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. This provided a convenient and reliable marker of cells replicating their DNA and, at least in many cases, thus in the process of mitosis. This methodology allowed for claims of neurogenesis in brains of adult rodents in the 1960s by Altman and colleagues (eg, Altman and Das 1966; Altman 1969). The claims were received with a mixture of skepticism, enthusiasm, and indifference, and they were not fully appreciated until later studies using the same and new techniques replicated and extended their findings. Now, with nonradiolabeled markers of DNA replication such as bromodeoxyuridine and antibodies for molecules specifically expressed in different phases of the cell cycle, identifying cell division in tissues is relatively simple and commonplace and has led to demonstrations of neurogenesis in the brains of adult animals representing an impressive phylogenetic range. Although adult neurogenesis is phylogenetically widespread in the brains of adult vertebrates, including representatives of the major classes of vertebrates—elasmobranchs, teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals—it is limited to very few brain regions. The 2 vertebrate brain regions most recognized as sites of adult neurogenesis are the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Other areas in the adult mammalian brain, including the cortex, have been reported to undergo neurogenesis, but this topic is being debated.Adult neurogenesis occurs in other animal groups in addition to the vertebrates, most notably in some insects and crustaceans. In these groups as in the vertebrates, adult neurogenesis occurs only in limited parts of the nervous system and often associated with olfaction. In insects, it occurs in the mushroom bodies, which are large neuropils containing intrinsic interneurons called Kenyon cells. Kenyon cells are higher order multimodal integrators that receive their most prominent input from the antennal lobes, which are the insect’s primary olfactory neuropils. In crustaceans, adult neurogenesis principally occurs in 2 parts of the brain: the olfactory lobes and the optic lobes. Neurogenesis occurs not only in the brain but also in the peripheral olfactory systems of many animals, including vertebrates, crustaceans, and snails.
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影响因子：
7.5
作者：
Merkle, Florian T.;Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
通讯作者：
Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Gheusi, Gilles;Lledo, Pierre-Marie
通讯作者：
Lledo, Pierre-Marie
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Sawamoto, K;Wichterle, H;Alvarez-Buylla, A
通讯作者：
Alvarez-Buylla, A
产后神经发生的放射自显影和组织学研究 IV
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1966
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Altman;G. D. Das
通讯作者：
G. D. Das