Mediating functions and the semantics of noun incorporation
Mediating functions and the semantics of noun incorporation
复制标题
中介功能和名词并入的语义
DOI：
10.1007/s11049-021-09511-4
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
McKenzie, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKenzie, Andrew
一般认为名词并入是为了避免复合词的弱组合性，因为它涉及到论元名词与并入动词的连接。然而，它在两个方面是弱合成的。首先，名词的实体论元需要被约束或饱和，但先前的解释未能充分确保这一点。第二，非论元经常被包含在许多语言中，它们的主题作用可供语境选择。我们发现这两个弱点实际上是相互关联的。我们专注于基奥瓦语言，它通常禁止对象合并，但允许非参数。我们表明，需要一个中介关系的语义联系名词的动词。如果没有关系，名词的实体论元是不饱和的，整个表达式是不可解释的。非宾语的中介关系也赋予它一个主位角色而不是后置。说话人可以自由地选择这一角色，但要受到语用、句法和语义的独立制约。事实上，在基奥瓦的对象被允许纳入在某些环境中，但我们表明，这些都独立地涉及一个中介关系。宾语的中介关系在名词上量化，并将名词+动词结构与小句的其余部分联系起来。引入这种关系的中心语在句法推导中对动词进行了重新分类。从本质上讲，我们展示了两种不同的机制，名词纳入。在推导出基奥瓦分布之后，我们应用相同的关系推导出英语复杂动词和合成复合词的约束，这些复合词表现出与基奥瓦名词并入相同的约束。我们还研究了具有常规宾语并入的语言，并展示了动词的及物性如何取决于引入外部参数的头部是否将情况分配给重新分类的动词。
Noun incorporation is commonly thought to avoid the weak compositionality of compounds because it involves conjunction of an argument noun with the incorporating verb. However, it is weakly compositional in two ways. First, the noun’s entity argument needs to be bound or saturated, but previous accounts fail to adequately ensure that it is. Second, non-arguments are often incorporated in many languages, and their thematic role is available for contextual selection. We show that these two weaknesses are actually linked. We focus on the Kiowa language, which generally bars objects from incorporation but allows non-arguments. We show that a mediating relation is required to semantically link the noun to the verb. Absent a relation, the noun’s entity argument is not saturated, and the entire expression is uninterpretable. The mediating relation for non-objects also assigns it a thematic role instead of a postposition. Speakers can choose this role freely, subject to independent constraints from the pragmatics, syntax, and semantics. Objects in Kiowa are in fact allowed to incorporate in certain environments, but we show that these all independently involve a mediating relation. The mediating relation for objects quantifies over the noun and links the noun+ verb construction to the rest of the clause. The head that introduces this relation re-categorizes the verb in the syntactic derivation. Essentially, we demonstrate two distinct mechanisms for noun incorporation. Having derived the distribution of Kiowa, we apply the same relations to derive constraints on English complex verbs and synthetic compounds, which exhibit most of the same constraints as Kiowa noun incorporation. We also look at languages with routine object incorporation, and show how the transitivity of the verb depends on whether the head introducing the external argument assigns case to the re-categorized verb.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Paul D. Elbourne
通讯作者：
Paul D. Elbourne
北极的多合成
影响因子：
0.1
作者：
M. Mithun
通讯作者：
M. Mithun
两种类型的名词并入：词法分析
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
S. T. Rosen
通讯作者：
S. T. Rosen
基奥瓦信仰和仪式
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
B. Kracht
通讯作者：
B. Kracht
分布式形态学中的复合
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
H. Harley
通讯作者：
H. Harley