Wolbachia endosymbionts in two Anopheles species indicates independent acquisitions and lack of prophage elements.
Wolbachia endosymbionts in two Anopheles species indicates independent acquisitions and lack of prophage elements.
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DOI：
10.1099/mgen.0.000805
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发表时间：
2022-04
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Heinz, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quek, Shannon;Cerdeira, Louise;Jeffries, Claire L.;Tomlinson, Sean;Walker, Thomas;Hughes, Grant L.;Heinz, Eva
Wolbachia 是专性细菌内共生体的一个属，其感染多种节肢动物物种以及丝虫线虫，其单一描述的物种， Wolbachia pipientis，根据多位点序列分型分为几个“超级组”。 Wolbachia 蚊子中的疟原虫菌株已被证明能抑制人类病原体的传播，包括疟原虫、疟疾寄生虫和虫媒病毒。尽管它们的宿主范围很广， Wolbachia 冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae）和不死按蚊（Anopheles funestus）复合体的主要疟疾病媒内的菌株以低密度出现，仅基于PCR的方法建立。有人质疑这是否代表了真正的内共生关系。然而，最近的明确证据表明，两个不同的，高密度菌株的超群B Wolbachia 在德梅罗尼按蚊和莫谢蒂按蚊体内， Wolbachia 内共生体的按蚊的生物控制策略，以阻止疟原虫的传播。在这里，我们利用基因组分析来证明， Wolbachia 尽管它们的基因组大小较小，但菌株保留了所有关键的代谢和转运途径，这种减少可能归因于退化的原噬菌体区域。即使有这种减少，我们证实了两种菌株中存在细胞质不相容性（CI）因子基因，wAnD保持这些基因的完整拷贝，而cifB基因在wAnM中被中断，因此需要进行功能分析以确定wAnM是否可以诱导CI。此外，系统发育分析表明，这些 Wolbachia 菌株可能是通过水平传播事件而不是通过冈比亚按蚊种复合体中的祖先获得和随后的丢失事件引入这两种按蚊种的。这些是第一 Wolbachia 基因组，据我们所知，使我们能够研究自然株疟原虫疟疾寄生虫和它们的按蚊宿主之间的关系。
Wolbachia is a genus of obligate bacterial endosymbionts that infect a diverse range of arthropod species as well as filarial nematodes, with its single described species, Wolbachia pipientis , divided into several ‘supergroups’ based on multilocus sequence typing. Wolbachia strains in mosquitoes have been shown to inhibit the transmission of human pathogens, including Plasmodium malaria parasites and arboviruses. Despite their large host range, Wolbachia strains within the major malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes appear at low density, established solely on PCR-based methods. Questions have been raised as to whether this represents a true endosymbiotic relationship. However, recent definitive evidence for two distinct, high-density strains of supergroup B Wolbachia within Anopheles demeilloni and Anopheles moucheti has opened exciting possibilities to explore naturally occurring Wolbachia endosymbionts in Anopheles for biocontrol strategies to block Plasmodium transmission. Here, we utilize genomic analyses to demonstrate that both Wolbachia strains have retained all key metabolic and transport pathways despite their smaller genome size, with this reduction potentially attributable to degenerated prophage regions. Even with this reduction, we confirmed the presence of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) factor genes within both strains, with wAnD maintaining intact copies of these genes while the cifB gene was interrupted in wAnM, so functional analysis is required to determine whether wAnM can induce CI. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicates that these Wolbachia strains may have been introduced into these two Anopheles species via horizontal transmission events, rather than by ancestral acquisition and subsequent loss events in the Anopheles gambiae species complex. These are the first Wolbachia genomes, to our knowledge, that enable us to study the relationship between natural strain Plasmodium malaria parasites and their anopheline hosts.
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