Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain.
Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain.
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1441.031
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
London ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berman S;O'Neill J;Fears S;Bartzokis G;London ED
我们回顾证据表明，结构性脑异常与滥用安非他明。安非他明使用/滥用的简要历史和毒性证据之后是滥用安非他明的人类受试者和在子宫内暴露于安非他明的儿童的结构磁共振成像（MRI）研究结果的总结。证据来自使用各种技术的研究，包括手动追踪、模式匹配、基于体素、基于张量或皮质厚度映射、白色物质信号高强度量化和扩散张量成像。10项研究将对照组与接触甲基苯丙胺的个体进行了比较。三项研究评估了接触3-4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）的个人。与对照组相比，安非他明滥用者的脑结构异常一直有报道。这些包括较低的皮质灰质体积和较高的纹状体体积比对照组。这些差异可能反映了可能导致物质依赖的大脑特征。高纹状体体积也可能反映了对富含多巴胺的基底神经节毒性的补偿。产前暴露与低于对照值的纹状体体积相关，表明这种补偿可能不会发生在子宫内。几种形式的白色物质异常也很常见，可能涉及神经胶质增生。文献中的许多局限性和不一致性与技术和横断面设计有关，无法推断因果关系。潜在的混杂影响包括既存风险/保护因素、发育、性别、苯丙胺滥用严重程度、其他药物滥用、戒断和生活方式差异的影响。纵向设计中，多模态数据集的采集和进行多变量分析，将提高我们的能力，提供一般结论安非他明滥用和大脑结构之间的关联。
We review evidence that structural brain abnormalities are associated with abuse of amphetamines. A brief history of amphetamine use/abuse, and evidence for toxicity is followed by a summary of findings from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of human subjects who had abused amphetamines and children who were exposed to amphetamines in utero. Evidence comes from studies that used a variety of techniques that include manual tracing, pattern matching, voxel-based, tensor-based, or cortical thickness mapping, quantification of white matter signal hyperintensities, and diffusion tensor imaging. Ten studies compared controls to individuals who were exposed to methamphetamine. Three studies assessed individuals exposed to 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Brain structural abnormalities were consistently reported in amphetamine abusers, as compared to control subjects. These included lower cortical gray matter volume and higher striatal volume than control subjects. These differences might reflect brain features that could predispose to substance dependence. High striatal volumes might also reflect compensation for toxicity in the dopamine-rich basal ganglia. Prenatal exposure was associated with striatal volume that was below control values, suggesting that such compensation might not occur in utero. Several forms of white matter abnormality are also common, and may involve gliosis. Many of the limitations and inconsistencies in the literature relate to techniques and cross-sectional designs, which cannot infer causality. Potential confounding influences include effects of pre-existing risk/protective factors, development, gender, severity of amphetamine abuse, abuse of other drugs, abstinence, and differences in lifestyle. Longitudinal designs in which multimodal datasets are acquired and are subjected to multivariate analyses would enhance our ability to provide general conclusions regarding the associations between amphetamine abuse and brain structure.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Bartzokis, G;Beckson, M;Mintz, J
通讯作者：
Mintz, J
影响因子：
6
作者：
Chang, Linda;Alicata, Daniel;Volkow, Nora
通讯作者：
Volkow, Nora
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Chang, L;Ernst, T;Miller, EN
通讯作者：
Miller, EN
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
BORCHERDING, BG;KEYSOR, CS;RAPOPORT, JL
通讯作者：
RAPOPORT, JL
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
BOWYER, JF;GOUGH, B;HOLSON, RR
通讯作者：
HOLSON, RR