Identification and Characterisation CRN Effectors in Phytophthora capsici Shows Modularity and Functional Diversity.
Identification and Characterisation CRN Effectors in Phytophthora capsici Shows Modularity and Functional Diversity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059517
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Huitema E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stam R;Jupe J;Howden AJ;Morris JA;Boevink PC;Hedley PE;Huitema E
疫霉在侵染寄主植物的过程中会分泌大量的效应物。Crinkler(CRN)基因家族编码一类普遍存在但研究较少的效应器，可能在感染中发挥作用，但目前尚不清楚。为了更好地了解CRN在疫霉中的作用，我们设计了一种简单的CRN基因识别和注释流水线来提高效应器的预测率。我们预测了84个全长CRN编码基因，并在测序的卵菌基因组中评估了CRN效应区域的多样性。这些分析揭示了疫霉菌CRN结构域的创新和轮孢菌目的扩展。我们进行了基因表达分析来验证和定义两类CRN效应器，每种效应器都可能在不同的阶段导致感染。CRN定位研究表明，辣椒疫霉菌CRN效应结构域以细胞核为靶点，并在特定的亚核区积聚。表型分析表明，在植物中表达的CRN结构域很少引起坏死，并且只有一个细胞死亡诱导效应分子增强了辣椒疫霉对本氏烟草的毒力。这些结果表明，CRN蛋白家族形成了一类重要的细胞内效应物，在感染过程中针对宿主核。这些结果与半生物营养型和坏死型病原体的结构域扩展相结合，表明了对病原体生活方式的特殊贡献。这项工作将支持CRN在其他已测序卵菌物种中的鉴定工作，并为未来的功能研究奠定基础，以了解CRN的效应功能。
Phytophthora species secrete a large array of effectors during infection of their host plants. The Crinkler (CRN) gene family encodes a ubiquitous but understudied class of effectors with possible but as of yet unknown roles in infection. To appreciate CRN effector function in Phytophthora, we devised a simple Crn gene identification and annotation pipeline to improve effector prediction rates. We predicted 84 full-length CRN coding genes and assessed CRN effector domain diversity in sequenced Oomycete genomes. These analyses revealed evidence of CRN domain innovation in Phytophthora and expansion in the Peronosporales. We performed gene expression analyses to validate and define two classes of CRN effectors, each possibly contributing to infection at different stages. CRN localisation studies revealed that P. capsici CRN effector domains target the nucleus and accumulate in specific sub-nuclear compartments. Phenotypic analyses showed that few CRN domains induce necrosis when expressed in planta and that one cell death inducing effector, enhances P. capsici virulence on Nicotiana benthamiana. These results suggest that the CRN protein family form an important class of intracellular effectors that target the host nucleus during infection. These results combined with domain expansion in hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, suggests specific contributions to pathogen lifestyles. This work will bolster CRN identification efforts in other sequenced oomycete species and set the stage for future functional studies towards understanding CRN effector functions.
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影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Lévesque CA;Brouwer H;Cano L;Hamilton JP;Holt C;Huitema E;Raffaele S;Robideau GP;Thines M;Win J;Zerillo MM;Beakes GW;Boore JL;Busam D;Dumas B;Ferriera S;Fuerstenberg SI;Gachon CM;Gaulin E;Govers F;Grenville-Briggs L;Horner N;Hostetler J;Jiang RH;Johnson J;Krajaejun T;Lin H;Meijer HJ;Moore B;Morris P;Phuntmart V;Puiu D;Shetty J;Stajich JE;Tripathy S;Wawra S;van West P;Whitty BR;Coutinho PM;Henrissat B;Martin F;Thomas PD;Tyler BM;De Vries RP;Kamoun S;Yandell M;Tisserat N;Buell CR
通讯作者：
Buell CR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Armbrust, EV;Berges, JA;Rokhsar, DS
通讯作者：
Rokhsar, DS
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gaulin E;Madoui MA;Bottin A;Jacquet C;Mathé C;Couloux A;Wincker P;Dumas B
通讯作者：
Dumas B
通过抑制宿主防御，大豆疫霉的发病机制需要两个宿主细胞质效应子
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Liu, Tingli;Ye, Wenwu;Dou, Daolong
通讯作者：
Dou, Daolong
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bowler, Chris;Allen, Andrew E.;Grigoriev, Igor V.
通讯作者：
Grigoriev, Igor V.