Neural bases of automaticity.

Neural bases of automaticity.
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自动化的神经基础。

DOI:
10.1037/xlm0000454
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Logan,GordonD
Logan,GordonD
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Servant,Mathieu;Cassey,Peter;Woodman,GeoffreyF;Logan,GordonD

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自动性使我们能够在充分练习后快速,有效和毫不费力地完成任务。自动性理论认为,在实践中,加工过程从受工作记忆控制过渡到受长时记忆提取控制。最近的事件相关电位(ERP)研究试图验证这一预测,然而,这些实验没有使用用于研究自动性的规范范式。具体来说,自动性通常是使用目标和干扰物之间的一致映射和间隔练习与个别目标,这些以前的研究缺乏的功能的实践制度进行研究。本工作的目的是检查是否实践诱导的工作记忆的长期记忆推断从主题的ERP的自动性的传统研究的条件下观察到的转变。我们发现在3个实验中都是这种情况,坚定地支持了理论的预测。此外,我们发现,实践的时间分布(集中与间隔)调节学习曲线的形状。ERP数据显示,与集中练习相比,间隔练习转换到长期记忆的速度更慢,这表明记忆系统是以一种战略方式使用的。这一发现为学习和自动性理论提供了新的限制。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020阿帕,保留所有权利)
Automaticity allows us to perform tasks in a fast, efficient, and effortless manner after sufficient practice. Theories of automaticity propose that across practice processing transitions from being controlled by working memory to being controlled by long-term memory retrieval. Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies have sought to test this prediction, however, these experiments did not use the canonical paradigms used to study automaticity. Specifically, automaticity is typically studied using practice regimes with consistent mapping between targets and distractors and spaced practice with individual targets, features that these previous studies lacked. The aim of the present work was to examine whether the practice-induced shift from working memory to long-term memory inferred from subjects’ ERPs is observed under the conditions in which automaticity is traditionally studied. We found that to be the case in 3 experiments, firmly supporting the predictions of theories. In addition, we found that the temporal distribution of practice (massed vs. spaced) modulates the shape of learning curves. The ERP data revealed that the switch to long-term memory is slower for spaced than massed practice, suggesting that memory systems are used in a strategic manner. This finding provides new constraints for theories of learning and automaticity.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
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