Socio-ecological drivers of vertebrate biodiversity and human-animal interfaces across an urban landscape.
Socio-ecological drivers of vertebrate biodiversity and human-animal interfaces across an urban landscape.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15412
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Fèvre EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hassell JM;Bettridge JM;Ward MJ;Ogendo A;Imboma T;Muloi D;Fava F;Robinson TP;Begon M;Fèvre EM
城市化可对野生动物和牲畜的分布生态产生深远影响，对生物多样性保护、生态系统服务和人类健康产生影响。大量研究评估了北美和欧洲城市化的生物反应，但几乎没有经验证据表明人类活动与热带城市生物多样性直接相关。在肯尼亚内罗毕进行的一项大规模实地研究的结果被用来探索人类活动对野生动物和牲畜生物多样性的影响，人类在城市中与野生动物和牲畜共存。使用无监督机器学习来表征同域野生动物，牲畜和人口的结构，并使用统计建模将这些社区的组成变化与整个城市发生的社会生态驱动因素联系起来。通过表征作用于这些界面的景观尺度驱动因素，我们证明了社会经济学，海拔和随后的栖息地变化对野生动物，牲畜和人类的多样性，密度和物种组合具有可衡量的影响。野生动物和牲畜组合的重组（无论是在物种多样性和组成方面）对城市界面新疾病的出现具有重要意义，因此，我们使用我们的研究结果来产生一组可检验的假设，探索城市变化对微生物群落的影响。这些结果为城市化对热带地区生物多样性的影响提供了新的见解。需要了解城市进程与人类和动物种群结构之间的关联，以便将城市发展与保护工作以及疾病出现对人类健康构成的风险联系起来，最终为可持续城市发展政策提供信息。我们生活在一个快速城市化的世界。今天，超过一半的人类生活在城市，随着人们迁移到城市地区寻求更高的生活水平，这一数字将继续增加。需要进行认真的规划，以确保查明和处理城市发展对环境和人类健康的有害影响。在这项研究中，我们使用内罗毕-世界上发展最快的城市之一-作为案例研究，探讨如何以及为什么人与野生动物和牲畜的共存在快速发展的城市景观中有所不同。通过提供城市社会经济和环境变化中出现的人类和动物共存模式的详细特征，以及这如何影响疾病传播的假设，我们的研究结果提供了一个框架，在此框架内，可以对热带地区快速城市发展的生态和流行病学后果进行持续研究。
Urbanization can have profound impacts on the distributional ecology of wildlife and livestock, with implications for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services and human health. A wealth of studies have assessed biotic responses to urbanization in North America and Europe, but there is little empirical evidence that directly links human activities to urban biodiversity in the tropics. Results from a large‐scale field study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, are used to explore the impact of human activities on the biodiversity of wildlife and livestock with which humans co‐exist across the city. The structure of sympatric wildlife, livestock and human populations are characterized using unsupervised machine learning, and statistical modelling is used to relate compositional variation in these communities to socio‐ecological drivers occurring across the city. By characterizing landscape‐scale drivers acting on these interfaces, we demonstrate that socioeconomics, elevation and subsequent changes in habitat have measurable impacts upon the diversity, density and species assemblage of wildlife, livestock and humans. Restructuring of wildlife and livestock assemblages (both in terms of species diversity and composition) has important implications for the emergence of novel diseases at urban interfaces, and we therefore use our results to generate a set of testable hypotheses that explore the influence of urban change on microbial communities. These results provide novel insight into the impact of urbanization on biodiversity in the tropics. An understanding of associations between urban processes and the structure of human and animal populations is required to link urban development to conservation efforts and risks posed by disease emergence to human health, ultimately informing sustainable urban development policy. We live in a rapidly urbanizing world. Today, more than half of the human race lives in cities, and this number is set to continue to increase, as people migrate to urban areas in search of higher standards of living. Careful planning is required to ensure that detrimental impacts of urban development on the environment and human health are identified and addressed. In this study we use Nairobi—one of the world's fastest growing cities—as a case study with which to explore how and why people's co‐existence with wildlife and livestock varies across a rapidly developing urban landscape. By providing a detailed characterization of the patterns of human and animal co‐existence that emerge from urban socioeconomic and environmental change, and hypotheses for how this influences disease transmission, our results provide a framework within which continuing research on the ecological and epidemiological consequences of rapid urban development in the tropics can be framed.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Des Roches S;Brans KI;Lambert MR;Rivkin LR;Savage AM;Schell CJ;Correa C;De Meester L;Diamond SE;Grimm NB;Harris NC;Govaert L;Hendry AP;Johnson MTJ;Munshi-South J;Palkovacs EP;Szulkin M;Urban MC;Verrelli BC;Alberti M
通讯作者：
Alberti M
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Fenton A;Pedersen AB
通讯作者：
Pedersen AB
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Gibb, Rory;Redding, David W.;Jones, Kate E.
通讯作者：
Jones, Kate E.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1205624109
发表时间：
2012-05-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hanski, Ilkka;von Hertzen, Leena;Haahtela, Tari
通讯作者：
Haahtela, Tari
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Borcard, D;Legendre, P;Tuomisto, H
通讯作者：
Tuomisto, H