Controlling the elements: an optogenetic approach to understanding the neural circuits of fear.
Controlling the elements: an optogenetic approach to understanding the neural circuits of fear.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.023
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发表时间：
2012-06-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
LeDoux, Joseph E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johansen, Joshua P.;Wolff, Steffen B. E.;Luethi, Andreas;LeDoux, Joseph E.
关键词：
神经回路是我们与世界互动的基础，也是我们从经验中进行适应性学习的基础。理解神经回路以及回路结构如何产生神经放电模式或计算是我们理解人类经验和行为的基础。恐惧条件反射是研究神经回路和信息处理并将其与学习和行为联系起来的一个强大的模型系统。直到最近，由于技术的限制，研究恐惧调节过程中特定电路元件的因果作用变得困难。然而，新开发的光遗传学工具允许研究人员以高时间精度操纵单个电路组件，如解剖学或分子定义的细胞群。将这些工具应用于恐惧条件反射的研究，以控制恐惧回路中特定的神经亚群，将有助于对这些回路元素在恐惧学习和记忆中的作用进行因果分析。通过将这种方法与清醒行为动物的体内电生理记录相结合，也将有可能确定特定细胞群对恐惧回路中神经处理的功能贡献。因此，将光遗传学应用于恐惧条件反射可以揭示特定电路元件如何促进神经编码以及恐惧学习和记忆。此外，这种方法可能揭示电路结构和电路内的神经编码如何产生感官体验和行为的一般规则。
Neural circuits underlie our ability to interact in the world and to learn adaptively from experience. Understanding neural circuits and how circuit structure gives rise to neural firing patterns or computations is fundamental to our understanding of human experience and behavior. Fear conditioning is a powerful model system in which to study neural circuits and information processing and relate them to learning and behavior. Until recently technological limitations have made it difficult to study the causal role of specific circuit elements during fear conditioning. However, newly developed optogenetic tools allow researchers to manipulate individual circuit components such as anatomically or molecularly defined cell populations, with high temporal precision. Applying these tools to the study of fear conditioning to control specific neural subpopulations in the fear circuit will facilitate a causal analysis of the role of these circuit elements in fear learning and memory. By combining this approach with in vivo electrophysiological recordings in awake, behaving animals, it will also be possible to determine the functional contribution of specific cell populations to neural processing in the fear circuit. As a result, the application of optogenetics to fear conditioning could shed light on how specific circuit elements contribute to neural coding and to fear learning and memory. Furthermore, this approach may reveal general rules for how circuit structure and neural coding within circuits gives rise to sensory experience and behavior.
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