The dissociable effects of stereotype threat on older adults' memory encoding and retrieval.
The dissociable effects of stereotype threat on older adults' memory encoding and retrieval.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.02.001
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kensinger EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krendl AC;Ambady N;Kensinger EA
本研究探讨潜意识中暴露于与年龄相关的记忆缺陷的负面刻板印象如何影响老年人的记忆表现。先前的研究主要集中在“刻板印象威胁”对老年人对中性材料记忆的影响，而本研究还研究了对积极和消极词语记忆的影响，以及当潜意识“威胁”发生在编码之前或检索之前（与对照条件相比）时，是否对记忆表现有更大的影响。结果显示，与在编码之前施加威胁或没有发生威胁时相比，在检索之前施加威胁时，老年人的记忆障碍最为明显。此外，这种威胁特别增加了错误记忆率，特别是与积极和消极的项目相比，中性的项目。这些结果强调，刻板印象威胁的影响取决于其影响的记忆阶段。
The present study asks how subliminal exposure to negative stereotypes about age-related memory deficits affects older adults’ memory performance. Whereas prior research has focused on the effect of “stereotype threat” on older adults’ memory for neutral material, the present study additionally examines the effect on memory for positive and negative words, as well as whether the subliminal “threat” has a larger impact on memory performance when it occurs prior to encoding or prior to retrieval (as compared to a control condition). Results revealed that older adults’ memory impairments were most pronounced when the threat was placed prior to retrieval as compared to when the threat was placed prior to encoding or no threat occurred. Moreover, the threat specifically increased false memory rates, particularly for neutral items compared to positive and negative ones. These results emphasize that stereotype threat effects vary depending upon the phase of memory it impacts.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Barber SJ;Mather M
通讯作者：
Mather M
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbp044
发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Emery, Lisa;Queen, Tara L.
通讯作者：
Queen, Tara L.
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/58.1.p3
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, TM;Auman, C;Rahhal, TA
通讯作者：
Rahhal, TA
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Aronson, J;Lustina, MJ;Steele, CM
通讯作者：
Steele, CM
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Hinson, Joey T.
通讯作者：
Hinson, Joey T.