Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome.
Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00494
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Weir TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voreades N;Kozil A;Weir TL
肠道微生物组在维持人类健康方面的重要作用需要更好地了解肠道微生物群落的时间动态以及驱动这些动态的宿主和环境因素。遗传学、出生方式、婴儿喂养模式、抗生素使用、卫生生活条件和长期饮食习惯有助于形成肠道微生物组的组成。这篇综述主要关注饮食，因为它是人类肠道微生物组从婴儿到老年人发展的最关键因素之一。婴儿肠道微生物群的特征是高度不稳定，仅在2-3岁时达到与成人相似的状态;与建立多样化的固体食物饮食一致。影响婴儿肠道微生物组发育的饮食相关因素包括孩子是母乳喂养还是配方奶粉喂养，以及如何以及何时引入固体食物。与婴儿肠道相反，成人肠道微生物组对群落结构的大变化具有弹性。几项研究表明，饮食变化会引起成年微生物组的短暂波动，有时仅在24小时内;然而，微生物群落迅速恢复到稳定状态。目前关于长期饮食习惯如何塑造肠道微生物组的知识受到缺乏长期喂养研究以及时间肠道微生物群表征的限制。然而，长期的体重减轻研究已经显示出改变拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的比例，这两种主要的细菌门存在于人类胃肠道中。随着年龄的增长，营养不良等饮食相关因素与微生物组的变化有关，尽管这些因素之间的因果关系尚未建立。药物使用的增加在老年人中也更普遍，可能导致肠道微生物群稳定性和多样性降低。含有益生元寡糖成分的食物可以在肠道群落中培养有益的益生菌，益生菌补充剂正在被探索作为干预措施来操纵肠道微生物组，从而可能改善健康状况。
The important role of the gut microbiome in maintaining human health has necessitated a better understanding of the temporal dynamics of intestinal microbial communities as well as the host and environmental factors driving these dynamics. Genetics, mode of birth, infant feeding patterns, antibiotic usage, sanitary living conditions and long term dietary habits contribute to shaping the composition of the gut microbiome. This review focuses primarily on diet, as it is one of the most pivotal factors in the development of the human gut microbiome from infancy to the elderly. The infant gut microbiota is characterized by a high degree of instability, only reaching a state similar to that of adults by 2–3 years of age; consistent with the establishment of a varied solid food diet. The diet-related factors influencing the development of the infant gut microbiome include whether the child is breast or formula-fed as well as how and when solid foods are introduced. In contrast to the infant gut, the adult gut microbiome is resilient to large shifts in community structure. Several studies have shown that dietary changes induce transient fluctuations in the adult microbiome, sometimes in as little as 24 h; however, the microbial community rapidly returns to its stable state. Current knowledge of how long-term dietary habits shape the gut microbiome is limited by the lack of long-term feeding studies coupled with temporal gut microbiota characterization. However, long-term weight loss studies have been shown to alter the ratio of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the two major bacterial phyla residing in the human gastrointestinal tract. With aging, diet-related factors such as malnutrition are associated with microbiome shifts, although the cause and effect relationship between these factors has not been established. Increased pharmaceutical usage is also more prevalent in the elderly and can contribute to reduced gut microbiota stability and diversity. Foods containing prebiotic oligosaccharide components that nurture beneficial commensals in the gut community and probiotic supplements are being explored as interventions to manipulate the gut microbiome, potentially improving health status.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Arumugam, Manimozhiyan;Raes, Jeroen;Pelletier, Eric;Le Paslier, Denis;Yamada, Takuji;Mende, Daniel R.;Fernandes, Gabriel R.;Tap, Julien;Bruls, Thomas;Batto, Jean-Michel;Bertalan, Marcelo;Borruel, Natalia;Casellas, Francesc;Fernandez, Leyden;Gautier, Laurent;Hansen, Torben;Hattori, Masahira;Hayashi, Tetsuya;Kleerebezem, Michiel;Kurokawa, Ken;Leclerc, Marion;Levenez, Florence;Manichanh, Chaysavanh;Nielsen, H. Bjorn;Nielsen, Trine;Pons, Nicolas;Poulain, Julie;Qin, Junjie;Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas;Tims, Sebastian;Torrents, David;Ugarte, Edgardo;Zoetendal, Erwin G.;Wang, Jun;Guarner, Francisco;Pedersen, Oluf;de Vos, Willem M.;Brunak, Soren;Dore, Joel;Weissenbach, Jean;Ehrlich, S. Dusko;Bork, Peer
通讯作者：
Bork, Peer
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia;Tsiotsias, Arsenis;Welling, Gjalt W.
通讯作者：
Welling, Gjalt W.
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Aagaard K;Ma J;Antony KM;Ganu R;Petrosino J;Versalovic J
通讯作者：
Versalovic J
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Claesson, Marcus J.;Jeffery, Ian B.;O'Toole, Paul W.
通讯作者：
O'Toole, Paul W.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Koren O;Knights D;Gonzalez A;Waldron L;Segata N;Knight R;Huttenhower C;Ley RE
通讯作者：
Ley RE