Energy metabolism, fuel selection and body weight regulation.
Energy metabolism, fuel selection and body weight regulation.
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DOI：
10.1038/ijo.2008.246
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发表时间：
2008-12
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Ravussin, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galgani, J.;Ravussin, E.
能量稳态对物种的生存至关重要。因此，通过多种复杂的机制来调节能量摄入和消耗以维持体重。为了维持体重，不仅能量摄入要与能量消耗相匹配，而且宏量营养素的摄入也必须平衡宏量营养素的氧化。然而，这种平衡似乎在低脂肪氧化、低能量消耗、低交感神经活动或低自发体力活动水平的个体中尤其难以实现，因为除了过量的能量摄入外，所有这些因素都解释了一些人体重增加的趋势。此外，当实验或自发施加能量过剩时，可以观察到体重变化的大变异性。显然，这些数据表明，基因对体重调节有很强的影响，这意味着在“致肥”环境中生理机能正常。在本研究中，我们还回顾了碳水化合物平衡可能通过影响能量摄入和体重来调节能量稳态的潜在信号的证据。由于碳水化合物的储存能力很小，而碳水化合物在许多组织和器官的代谢中又很重要，因此碳水化合物的平衡必须维持在一定的水平。当摄入高脂肪低碳水化合物的饮食时，这种平衡的驱动力可能反过来导致能量摄入增加。如果持续一段时间，这种能量摄入的增加无法用现有的方法检测到，但可能会导致体重的显著增加。本文还介绍了代谢柔韧性的概念及其对体重调节的影响。
Energy homeostasis is critical for the survival of species. Therefore, multiple and complex mechanisms have evolved to regulate energy intake and expenditure to maintain body weight. For weight maintenance, not only does energy intake have to match energy expenditure, but also macronutrient intake must balance macronutrient oxidation. However, this equilibrium seems to be particularly difficult to achieve in individuals with low fat oxidation, low energy expenditure, low sympathetic activity or low levels of spontaneous physical activity, as in addition to excess energy intake, all of these factors explain the tendency of some people to gain weight. Additionally, large variability in weight change is observed when energy surplus is imposed experimentally or spontaneously. Clearly, the data suggest a strong genetic influence on body weight regulation implying a normal physiology in an ‘obesogenic’ environment. In this study, we also review evidence that carbohydrate balance may represent the potential signal that regulates energy homeostasis by impacting energy intake and body weight. Because of the small storage capacity for carbohydrate and its importance for metabolism in many tissues and organs, carbohydrate balance must be maintained at a given level. This drive for balance may in turn cause increased energy intake when consuming a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrate. If sustained over time, such an increase in energy intake cannot be detected by available methods, but may cause meaningful increases in body weight. The concept of metabolic flexibility and its impact on body weight regulation is also presented.
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