B and T Cell Immunity in Tissues and Across the Ages.
B and T Cell Immunity in Tissues and Across the Ages.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines9010024
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发表时间：
2021-01-06
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Toapanta FR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booth JS;Toapanta FR
B和T细胞是适应性免疫系统的关键组成部分，并协调免疫的多个方面，包括对感染、疫苗、过敏原和环境的应答。在人类中，B细胞和T细胞免疫力主要使用外周血标本测定。相反，人体组织几乎没有被研究过，但它们拥有多种适应性免疫细胞，这些细胞能够对病原体产生免疫反应并参与组织稳态。粘液组织，如肠和呼吸道，不断受到外来抗原的轰击，并含有组织驻留记忆T（TRM）细胞，这些细胞对病原体表现出上级保护能力。此外，组织驻留记忆B（BRM）细胞已在小鼠中被鉴定，但人类是否具有类似的群体仍有待证实。此外，免疫系统在人类的整个生命周期中不断进化，并在其免疫生物学中经历多种变化。最近的研究表明，组织中与年龄相关的变化不一定反映在外周血标本中，突出了组织定位和亚群划分作为不同生命阶段功能性B和T细胞的基本决定因素的重要性。本文综述了我们目前对各年龄组外周血和组织中主要B和T细胞亚群的认识。
B and T cells are key components of the adaptive immune system and coordinate multiple facets of immunity including responses to infection, vaccines, allergens, and the environment. In humans, B- and T-cell immunity has been determined using primarily peripheral blood specimens. Conversely, human tissues have scarcely been studied but they host multiple adaptive immune cells capable of mounting immune responses to pathogens and participate in tissue homeostasis. Mucosal tissues, such as the intestines and respiratory track, are constantly bombarded by foreign antigens and contain tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells that exhibit superior protective capacity to pathogens. Also, tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells have been identified in mice but whether humans have a similar population remains to be confirmed. Moreover, the immune system evolves throughout the lifespan of humans and undergoes multiple changes in its immunobiology. Recent studies have shown that age-related changes in tissues are not necessarily reflected in peripheral blood specimens, highlighting the importance of tissue localization and subset delineation as essential determinants of functional B and T cells at different life stages. This review describes our current knowledge of the main B- and T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and tissues across age groups.
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