Faultless Disagreement, Realism and Moral Objectivity

Faultless Disagreement, Realism and Moral Objectivity
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完美的分歧、现实主义和道德客观性

DOI:
10.1007/s10670-018-0066-9
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
0.9
通讯作者:
Manfred Harth
Manfred Harth
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Manfred Harth

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反对道德现实主义的完美分歧的论点是基于所谓的认知上完美的道德分歧的可能性,CFD。这种可能性与之前的理论直觉相矛盾,即道德真理原则上是可知的,即所谓的对道德真理的认识约束,EC。在这篇文章中,我讨论了现实主义者应对这一论点的两种选择。首先,我指出了现实主义者解释CFD所暗示的认知上完美错误的可能性的策略。然后,我讨论了一个有希望的选项,来回应来自完美分歧的论点:同时接受CFD和EC,但通过引用关于可知性概念的模棱两可来阻止随之而来的矛盾。在指出这种解决方案的缺点之后,我讨论了另一个有希望的选择:通过利用认知上无可指摘的思想家对他们无法达成一致的道德主张的不可知论立场来拒绝CFD。然而,这一选择面临着欧共体必须被拒绝的问题。在文章的结束语中,我概述了道德反实在论的一个吸引人的客观主义形态的前景,它也受到来自完美分歧的论点的影响。
The argument from faultless disagreement against moral realism is based on the alleged possibility of cognitively faultless moral disagreement, CFD. This possibility contradicts the pre-theoretic intuition that moral truth is knowable, in principle, the so-called epistemic constraint on moral truth, EC. In this paper, I discuss the realist’s two options to cope with this argument. First of all, I point out the realist’s strategies to explain the possibility of cognitively faultless error, which is implied by CFD. Then I discuss one promising option to respond to the argument from faultless disagreement: accepting both CFD and EC but blocking the ensuing contradiction by invoking an equivocation as regards the notion of knowability. After pointing out the drawbacks of this solution I discuss the other promising option: rejecting CFD by drawing on an agnostic stance on the part of cognitively blameless thinkers as regards moral propositions they cannot agree on. Yet this option faces the problem that EC has to be denied. In concluding the paper, I outline the prospects of an attractive objectivist shape of moral antirealism, which is also affected by the argument from faultless disagreement.
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