Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target".
Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target".
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DOI：
10.3390/s21155201
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发表时间：
2021-07-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhao JX
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu Y;Darland DC;Zhao JX
纳米酶是一类人工酶，其尺寸在纳米范围内，并且可以由简单的金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒、金属纳米簇、点（量子和碳两者）、纳米管、纳米线或多个金属有机框架（M0F）组成。它们表现出优异的催化活性、低成本、高操作稳健性和稳定的储存寿命。更重要的是，它们可以进行修改，可以改变其表面结构并增加其应用范围。纳米酶主要有三类，包括过氧化物酶样纳米酶、氧化酶样纳米酶和抗氧化纳米酶。每一类都催化一组特定的反应。随着纳米科学技术的发展，纳米酶在各个领域的应用范围不断扩大，其中在生物传感领域的应用最为广泛。基于纳米酶的新型生物传感器已被设计用于检测离子、小分子、核酸、蛋白质和癌细胞。本文综述了纳米酶的催化机理、在生物传感中的应用以及该领域的发展方向。
Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.
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